Publication: Líquenes como bioindicadores de la calidad del aire
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2017-02
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Abstract
Las características de los líquenes: ciclo de vida largo, amplia distribución, escasa movilidad, capacidad para acumular contaminantes atmosféricos, muestreo fácil, bajo costo y posibilidad de monitorizar amplias áreas, los convierten en buenos bioindicadores de la calidad del aire. Esto ha hecho que su uso en estudios medioambientales haya crecido de forma exponencial durante las últimas décadas, convirtiéndose en útiles señales de alarma en la detección de alteraciones de la calidad atmosférica. La biomonitorización de líquenes se basa en la observación de las comunidades liquénicas siendo la desaparición de líquenes, la disminución de la frecuencia de aparición y de la diversidad o las alteraciones morfológicas señales importantes de alteración atmosférica. Los compuestos gaseosos que afectan a estos organismos son, entre otros, el dióxido de azufre, los compuestos de nitrógeno, los metales, los fluoruros, el polvo alcalino, los hidrocarburos clorados, etc. En este trabajo bibliográfico se recoge información que avala que la calidad del aire (medida mediante la biomonitorización de líquenes) es peor en aquellas zonas con un elevado tránsito de vehículos, como los centros urbanos, o en zonas con una elevada industrialización.
The characteristics of lichens such as: long life cycle, wide distribution, low mobility, ability to accumulate air pollutants, easy sampling, low cost and the possibility of monitoring large areas make them good bioindicators of air quality. This has made its use in environmental studies during the last decades have grown exponentially, becoming useful warning signs of poor atmospheric quality. The biomonotourism of lichens is based on the observation of lichen communities, with the disappearance of lichens, declining numbers, species diversity or morphological alterations, signals of altered air quality. Among the gaseous compounds that affect these organisms are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen compounds, metals, fluorides, alkaline dust, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc. In this bibliographical work, information has been collected that supports the fact that air quality (measured by the biomining of lichens) is worse in areas with high vehicular traffic, such as urban centers, or in areas with high industrialization.
The characteristics of lichens such as: long life cycle, wide distribution, low mobility, ability to accumulate air pollutants, easy sampling, low cost and the possibility of monitoring large areas make them good bioindicators of air quality. This has made its use in environmental studies during the last decades have grown exponentially, becoming useful warning signs of poor atmospheric quality. The biomonotourism of lichens is based on the observation of lichen communities, with the disappearance of lichens, declining numbers, species diversity or morphological alterations, signals of altered air quality. Among the gaseous compounds that affect these organisms are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen compounds, metals, fluorides, alkaline dust, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc. In this bibliographical work, information has been collected that supports the fact that air quality (measured by the biomining of lichens) is worse in areas with high vehicular traffic, such as urban centers, or in areas with high industrialization.