Publication: El conocimiento del cuerpo y sus cuidados en la civilización egipcia
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2017-06-19
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Abstract
Esta revisión pretende analizar, a través de las fuentes escritas y artísticas, el interés mostrado por la civilización egipcia sobre el conocimiento del cuerpo y sus afecciones, así como los recursos naturales empleados para su alivio. Los cuidados estaban fundamentados en la aplicación práctica de remedios naturales con una particular terapéutica que enlazará la magia y el empirismo buscando preservar la salud. Para ello realizaremos un análisis exhaustivo de las fuentes egipcias clínicas principales, por su riqueza en contenido y su preservación, encontrados hasta la fecha siendo los mismos los manuscritos de Kahun, Ebers y Edwin Smith pertenecientes al Imperio Medio Egipcio.
En dicho análisis destaca la figura del “curandero” como principal cuidador de la salud, cuyo conocimiento anatomofisológico fundamentalmente del aparato circulatorio, oftalmológico y ginecológico, considerados esenciales para la vida, le permitía sanar las dolencias que afectaban a estos sistemas a través de una serie remedios tradicionales, y donde el papel de mujer era protagonista en la aplicación de remedios y cuidados relacionados con el ámbito de la ginecología. Del mismo modo, cabe destacar el uso que otorgaban especialmente a la flora y los inciensos psicotrópicos, así como el manejo terapéutico de los barros en todo tipo de prácticas. Todo ello evidencia que el gran peso de la cultura egipcia relacionada con la sanación tiene sus cimientos en su manuscrito más elaborado hallado hasta la fecha, el papiro de Ebers.
This review aims to analyze, through written and artistic sources, the interest shown by the Egyptian civilization about the knowledge of the body and its affections, as well as the natural resources used for its relief. The care was based on the practical application of natural remedies with a particular therapeutic that will link magic and empiricism seeking to preserve health. In order to do so, we will carry out an exhaustive analysis of the main Egyptian clinical sources, due to their richness in content and their preservation, found to date being the same manuscripts of Kahun, Ebers and Edwin Smith belonging to the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. In this analysis, the figure of the "healer" as the main caregiver of health, whose anatomical-physiological knowledge, fundamentally of the circulatory, ophthalmological and gynecological apparatus, considered essential for life, allowed him to heal the ailments that affected these systems through a series Traditional remedies, and where the role of women was protagonist in the application of remedies and care related to the field of gynecology. In the same way, it is possible to emphasize the use that they gave especially to the flora and the psychotropic incenses, as well as the therapeutic handling of the pimples in all type of practices. All this shows that the great weight of the Egyptian culture related to healing has its foundations in its most elaborate manuscript found to date, the Ebers papyrus.
This review aims to analyze, through written and artistic sources, the interest shown by the Egyptian civilization about the knowledge of the body and its affections, as well as the natural resources used for its relief. The care was based on the practical application of natural remedies with a particular therapeutic that will link magic and empiricism seeking to preserve health. In order to do so, we will carry out an exhaustive analysis of the main Egyptian clinical sources, due to their richness in content and their preservation, found to date being the same manuscripts of Kahun, Ebers and Edwin Smith belonging to the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. In this analysis, the figure of the "healer" as the main caregiver of health, whose anatomical-physiological knowledge, fundamentally of the circulatory, ophthalmological and gynecological apparatus, considered essential for life, allowed him to heal the ailments that affected these systems through a series Traditional remedies, and where the role of women was protagonist in the application of remedies and care related to the field of gynecology. In the same way, it is possible to emphasize the use that they gave especially to the flora and the psychotropic incenses, as well as the therapeutic handling of the pimples in all type of practices. All this shows that the great weight of the Egyptian culture related to healing has its foundations in its most elaborate manuscript found to date, the Ebers papyrus.