Publication: Las dificultades de aprendizaje en los centros educativos de enseñanza secundaria: programa de intervención en la fluidez y comprensión lectora
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2019-05-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se presenta un trabajo teórico sobre los antecedentes históricos de la evolución del estudio de las dificultades de aprendizaje..Se explican diferentes teorías que han tenido una aportación significativa en el tratamiento de dichas dificultades .y también cómo los estudiantes con dificultades específicas de aprendizaje (DEA) han sido tratados en el entorno escolar a lo largo de la historia en nuestro país. Se comentan factores socio-educativos que pueden interferir en los procesos de enseñanza / aprendizaje.Se han estudiado las nuevas teorías más relevantes en el desarrollo de la inteligencia y sus consecuencias para el estudio de las DEA. Se observa cómo la fluidez lectora es uno de los componentes necesarios para ejecutar una buena lectura y también la importante relación de ésta con la comprensión y eficacia lectora.Se comentan los principios básicos del aprendizaje moderno, que contribuyen a la mejora de la comprensión lectora en estos estudiantes con DEA. Finalmente, se realiza un estudio empírico que es el objetivo principal de este trabajo, en el cual se analiza la incidencia de la aplicación de un programa computerizado de aceleración de lectura RAP (Reading Acceleration Program) en una muestra de 31 estudiantes con DEA de 1º de ESO que están acogidos al Programa de Compensatoria en un centro de Secundaria de Madrid. De los 31 estudiantes, la mitad son de nacionalidad española y el resto, de diferentes nacionalidades...
A theoretical work on the historical background of the evolution of the study of learning disabilities is presented.Different theories that have had a significant contribution in the treatment of such disabilities are explained.A detailed study of how students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) have been treated in the school environment throughout our country’s history is developed..Socio - educational factors that can interfere in the teaching / learning processes are discussed.The most relevant new theories in the development of intelligence and its consequences for the study of LD have been studied.It is observed how the reading fluency is one of the necessary components to execute a good reading and also the important relation of this one with the comprehension and reading efficiency.The basic principles of modern learning are discussed, which contribute to the improvement of reading comprehension in these students with SLD.Finally, an empirical study is carried out, which is the main objective of this work, in which the incidence of the application of a computerized reading acceleration program (RAP) has been analyzed in a sample of 31 students of 1st grade ESO with SLD, who are enrolled in the Compensatory Program at a Secondary School in Madrid. Out of the 31 students, half are of Spanish nationality and the rest are of different nationalities.Students were tested for intelligence, as well as and tests related to reading before and after the application of the RAP. The results were significantly better after this application in reading comprehension, accuracy in reading words, pseudowords and also in almost all tests that involved reading time.The results of training in the RAP program showed that two-thirds of the participating students achieved a higher level of reading comprehension than reading at their own pace. This has been able to affirm the Acceleration Phenomenon (Breznitz, 2006) which determines that as the student increases reading speed, improves fluency and comprehension...
A theoretical work on the historical background of the evolution of the study of learning disabilities is presented.Different theories that have had a significant contribution in the treatment of such disabilities are explained.A detailed study of how students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) have been treated in the school environment throughout our country’s history is developed..Socio - educational factors that can interfere in the teaching / learning processes are discussed.The most relevant new theories in the development of intelligence and its consequences for the study of LD have been studied.It is observed how the reading fluency is one of the necessary components to execute a good reading and also the important relation of this one with the comprehension and reading efficiency.The basic principles of modern learning are discussed, which contribute to the improvement of reading comprehension in these students with SLD.Finally, an empirical study is carried out, which is the main objective of this work, in which the incidence of the application of a computerized reading acceleration program (RAP) has been analyzed in a sample of 31 students of 1st grade ESO with SLD, who are enrolled in the Compensatory Program at a Secondary School in Madrid. Out of the 31 students, half are of Spanish nationality and the rest are of different nationalities.Students were tested for intelligence, as well as and tests related to reading before and after the application of the RAP. The results were significantly better after this application in reading comprehension, accuracy in reading words, pseudowords and also in almost all tests that involved reading time.The results of training in the RAP program showed that two-thirds of the participating students achieved a higher level of reading comprehension than reading at their own pace. This has been able to affirm the Acceleration Phenomenon (Breznitz, 2006) which determines that as the student increases reading speed, improves fluency and comprehension...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Educación, Departamento de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, leída el 18/12/2018