Publication: Métodos analíticos aplicados a la identificacion de productos de la real farmacopea española
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2017-06
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Abstract
Los métodos analíticos constituyen un aspecto clave para la identificación, ensayos y valoración de múltiples sustancias, productos y fármacos, los cuales se encuentran recopilados en la Real Farmacopea Española (RFE), así como en otras farmacopeas como la Farmacopea Europea (FE). Dichos métodos se utilizan para conocer todas las especificaciones que deben cumplir los productos objeto de estudio. Nuestro trabajo de fin de grado se ha basado en una profunda revisión de las técnicas analíticas más utilizadas para dicha identificación. El objetivo principal ha sido conocer además de qué métodos analíticos son los más empleados, cuál es el fundamento de cada uno de ellos, y adquirir las competencias necesarias para seleccionar el método más adecuado según el tipo de sustancia que queramos identificar. Las técnicas analíticas se pueden clasificar de forma general en métodos ópticos como son la Espectrometría de absorción en el Infrarrojo, Espectrofotometría de absorción en el UVvisible, Polarimetría y Dicromismo circular, y Refractometría; o métodos de separación como, por ejemplo, la Cromatografía en capa fina (CCF o thin layer chromatography (TLC)) y el HPLC. Existen también otros métodos más específicos para ciertos tipos de sustancias como ocurre con los productos biológicos identificados por Electroforesis, y las vacunas que son identificadas por técnicas inmunoanalíticas como el ELISA. Concluimos que existen diversos tipos de técnicas analíticas, no siendo todas de igual utilidad pues según qué sustancia queramos identificar recurriremos a una u otra. Además, hemos observado que las más utilizadas son la CCF y la espectrometría de absorción en el infrarrojo.
The analytical methods had been a great support for the identification of multiple substances, products and drugs. These methods are collected in the Real Spanish Pharmacopeia. The analytical methods are used to find those specific characteristics which allow the identification of the products studied. Our End-of-degree project is based on a deep review of the analytical methods used to identify substances, products and drugs as the Real Spanish Pharmacopeia indicate. The principal aim was to know which analytical methods are more important and more specific for such identification, to understand the foundation of each method and to acquire the competence to select by an appropriate way the best method according to the substance that we want to identify. To gather all the information we have obtained, we made a bibliographic review using the Real Spanish Pharmacopeia as the basic tool. The Analytical Methods are used to discover some specific characteristics about the object of study. The analytical methods can be classified by optical methods like IR, visibleUV, optical rotation and refraction or separation methods like TLC and electrophoresis. There are more specific methods for certain substances like for example the vaccines and other biological drugs which are identify by the ELISA technique. The main conclusions that we have obtained are that they are various analytical methods, all that methods are not equally as useful depending on the substance we want to identify. The last conclusion that we reached is that the most used methods are the TLC and the IR absorption spectrometry.
The analytical methods had been a great support for the identification of multiple substances, products and drugs. These methods are collected in the Real Spanish Pharmacopeia. The analytical methods are used to find those specific characteristics which allow the identification of the products studied. Our End-of-degree project is based on a deep review of the analytical methods used to identify substances, products and drugs as the Real Spanish Pharmacopeia indicate. The principal aim was to know which analytical methods are more important and more specific for such identification, to understand the foundation of each method and to acquire the competence to select by an appropriate way the best method according to the substance that we want to identify. To gather all the information we have obtained, we made a bibliographic review using the Real Spanish Pharmacopeia as the basic tool. The Analytical Methods are used to discover some specific characteristics about the object of study. The analytical methods can be classified by optical methods like IR, visibleUV, optical rotation and refraction or separation methods like TLC and electrophoresis. There are more specific methods for certain substances like for example the vaccines and other biological drugs which are identify by the ELISA technique. The main conclusions that we have obtained are that they are various analytical methods, all that methods are not equally as useful depending on the substance we want to identify. The last conclusion that we reached is that the most used methods are the TLC and the IR absorption spectrometry.