Publication: Retinosis pigmentaria: optimización de la función visual mediante lentes ópticas especiales
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2019-06-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Retinosis Pigmentaria (RP) es una distrofia retiniana rara bilateral sin tratamiento, de curso lento y progresivo, generalmente de inicio en la edad escolar, pudiendo causar ceguera en la quinta década de vida. Sin embargo, dentro de las distrofias de retina, la Retinosis Pigmentaria es la enfermedad genética más prevalente. Está causada por mutaciones en genes clave para la supervivencia y/o función de los fotorreceptores (principalmente bastones). Funcionalmente, la enfermedad se inicia como pérdida de la visión en condiciones de baja iluminación (ceguera nocturna) y reducción concéntrica del campo visual en la periferia media de la retina. Posteriormente se presenta una progresiva pérdida de campo visual y finalmente una pérdida de agudeza visual que conduce a ceguera parcial o total.Desde el punto de vista clínico, es necesario evaluar la función visual mediante test de agudeza visual (AV), campo visual (CV), refracción, visión del color, estereopsis y sensibilidad al contraste (SC) para analizar la evolución de la enfermedad mediante el seguimiento de sus síntomas principales: deslumbramiento, problemas de orientación y movilidad por la reducción del CV, reducción de la AV principalmente en condiciones de bajo contraste y alteración de los colores; siendo esta pérdida de la función visual más acentuada en condiciones de baja iluminación...
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a rare bilateral retinal dystrophy without known treatment with slow and gradual progression. Usually, it starts in the early school years and it is possible to lead to blindness around the 50s. However, Retinitis Pigmentosa is the most prevalent genetic disease. It is produced by key genes mutations involved in the survivor and/or function of the photoreceptors (mainly rods).Functionally, the disease starts with a vision loss in low illumination conditions (night blindness) and concentric reduction of the visual field in the medium peripheral area of the retina. Afterwards, it appears a progressive loss of the visual field and finally a visual acuity loss that leads to a partial or total blindness.From a clinical perspective, it is needed to evaluate the visual function by visual acuity (VA) tests, visual field (VF), refraction, color vision tests, stereoacuity and contrast sensitivity (CS). It helps to analyze the disease progression and follow the main symptoms: glare, orientation and mobility problems caused by the VF reduction, VA reduction mainly in low contrast conditions and color vision changes; problems more noticeable in low illumination conditions...
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a rare bilateral retinal dystrophy without known treatment with slow and gradual progression. Usually, it starts in the early school years and it is possible to lead to blindness around the 50s. However, Retinitis Pigmentosa is the most prevalent genetic disease. It is produced by key genes mutations involved in the survivor and/or function of the photoreceptors (mainly rods).Functionally, the disease starts with a vision loss in low illumination conditions (night blindness) and concentric reduction of the visual field in the medium peripheral area of the retina. Afterwards, it appears a progressive loss of the visual field and finally a visual acuity loss that leads to a partial or total blindness.From a clinical perspective, it is needed to evaluate the visual function by visual acuity (VA) tests, visual field (VF), refraction, color vision tests, stereoacuity and contrast sensitivity (CS). It helps to analyze the disease progression and follow the main symptoms: glare, orientation and mobility problems caused by the VF reduction, VA reduction mainly in low contrast conditions and color vision changes; problems more noticeable in low illumination conditions...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Optometría y Visión, leída el 19/12/2018