Publication: Dietas veganas. Cuestiones de actualidad e implicación en el consejo farmacéutico
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2017-06
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Abstract
En la última década, el número de personas que eligen seguir una dieta vegetariana estricta ha aumentado considerablemente. Desde la Antigüedad, el ser humano ha consumido alimentos de origen animal, por lo que es importante analizar si una dieta en la que este tipo de alimentos se excluyen, cubre todas las necesidades nutricionales. En este trabajo, se analizan las consecuencias y repercusiones que este tipo de regímenes tienen sobre distintos parámetros fisiológicos, químicos y metabólicos en las personas. Los principales temas abordados en relación al veganismo son: revisión de varios estudios epidemiológicos sobre grandes muestras poblaciones (donde se manifiesta que este tipo de dietas son un factor protector frente a enfermedades metabólicas y cáncer de colon), su repercusión sobre el status en vitamina B12, su efecto sobre el perfil de la microbiota intestinal y sobre la correcta mineralización ósea. Se reflexiona, también, sobre el efecto que el seguimiento de este tipo de dietas en la mujer gestante puede tener en su propia salud y el de su descendiente. Además, se recogen algunas pautas dietéticas que, como consejo nutricional, desde la farmacia comunitaria, se pueden dar a individuos vegetarianos estrictos. Para la búsqueda de la bibliografía se ha utilizado la base de datos PUBMED y como término de búsqueda se ha elegido “vegan-diet”. Tras el análisis de los documentos obtenidos, se concluye que una dieta vegetariana estricta, bien planificada, puede formar parte de un estilo de vida saludable. En muchos casos, será necesario el consumo de alimentos fortificados en nutrientes con un claro riesgo de estar deficitarios en las dietas veganas (p.ej. vitamina B12) y/o de suplementos para evitar estos déficits siempre bajo supervisión y consejo de profesionales de la salud capacitados para esta tarea.
In the last decade, the number of people who chooses to follow a vegan diet has grown considerably. Since Ancient times, the human being has consumed animal products, for that reason it is important to analyze if a diet that excludes this kind of food, covers all nutritional needs. In this revision, the impact and consequences of this regime on physiological, chemical, and metabolic parameters in the individual are analyzed. The main topics addressed, related to veganism, are: a review of the different epidemiologic studies on large population samples (where it is discovered that this type of diets are protective factors against metabolic diseases and colon cancer), its impact on blood levels of vitamin B12, its effect on the microbiota gum profile and a correct bone Este trabajo tiene una finalidad docente. La Facultad de Farmacia no se hace responsable de la información contenida en el mismo. 4 mineralization. This article also analyzes the effect of this regime on the health of pregnant women and their descendants. Moreover, some dietary guidelines, which can be used as nutritional advice in the community pharmacy for the vegan people, are gathered. The PUBMED database has served as one of the key source for the study, utilizing “vegan-diet” as the search term. Upon completion of all the articles of reference, our findings show that a well-planned vegan diet can be included in a healthy lifestyle. In many cases, it will be necessary to consume fortified food (with nutrients that are present in low doses in the vegan diets (e.g. vitamin B12)) or supplements to avoid deficiencies. Please note that this should be done under the supervision of healthcare professionals.
In the last decade, the number of people who chooses to follow a vegan diet has grown considerably. Since Ancient times, the human being has consumed animal products, for that reason it is important to analyze if a diet that excludes this kind of food, covers all nutritional needs. In this revision, the impact and consequences of this regime on physiological, chemical, and metabolic parameters in the individual are analyzed. The main topics addressed, related to veganism, are: a review of the different epidemiologic studies on large population samples (where it is discovered that this type of diets are protective factors against metabolic diseases and colon cancer), its impact on blood levels of vitamin B12, its effect on the microbiota gum profile and a correct bone Este trabajo tiene una finalidad docente. La Facultad de Farmacia no se hace responsable de la información contenida en el mismo. 4 mineralization. This article also analyzes the effect of this regime on the health of pregnant women and their descendants. Moreover, some dietary guidelines, which can be used as nutritional advice in the community pharmacy for the vegan people, are gathered. The PUBMED database has served as one of the key source for the study, utilizing “vegan-diet” as the search term. Upon completion of all the articles of reference, our findings show that a well-planned vegan diet can be included in a healthy lifestyle. In many cases, it will be necessary to consume fortified food (with nutrients that are present in low doses in the vegan diets (e.g. vitamin B12)) or supplements to avoid deficiencies. Please note that this should be done under the supervision of healthcare professionals.