Publication: Cambios de paisaje y de valores ambientales en espacios naturales protegidos
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Publication Date
2010
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O. A. Parques Nacionales. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (MARM)
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Abstract
Se estudian los cambios del paisaje y de la calidad ambiental asociada a ellos, de un espacio protegido desde hace casi un siglo, Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga, que ha sido ampliado en las últimas décadas, configurándose el actual Parque Nacional de los Picos de Europa (PNPE). Los resultados obtenidos permiten conocer los cambios del paisaje del territorio del PNPE, en su conjunto, en él de la zona histórica (PNMC) y en él de la ampliación más reciente (PNPE-PNMC).
Los cambios de paisaje, variación espacial de las tramas de relaciones ecosistémicas del territorio, condicionan cambios en los valores ambientales soportados por esos procesos ecológicos. Los valores ambientales se han definido de acuerdo con los objetivos del espacio protegido, definidos en su Ley de declaración.
Los tres territorios han sufrido pautas de cambio muy parecidas, predominado la conservación del paisaje en amplias extensiones de ellos. Los cambios de usos más apreciables, si bien no muy cuantiosos, son el aumento en las superficies forestales arboladas y la disminución de las forestales arboladas ralas y de las cultivadas. En los tres territorios han aumentando los valores naturalísticos y sistémicos. Los culturales-antropológicos-educativos disminuyen muy poco, también en los tres ámbitos. Los recreativos disminuyen en PNMC, aumentan en PNMC-PNPE y no cambian en PNPE. Los educativos son los que menos variación presentan en todos los casos, con muy pequeños aumentos o disminuciones.
La principal diferencia entre los tres ámbitos estudiados es que en los territorios PNPE y PNMC los cambios de calidad ambiental global responden a variaciones del mismo signo de todos los valores ambientales.
En el territorio PNPE-PNMC, por el contrario, hay diferentes combinaciones de aumentos y disminuciones de Jos valores ambientales que conducen a cambios equivalentes de calidad ambiental.
Métodos como este pueden ser incorporados en las actividades de planificación y gestión habituales de los parques nacionales para monitorizar sus cambios y ayudar a su gestión, de acuerdo con los objetivos del espacio protegido.
Landscape and environmental quality changes, related to them, in a protected a rea since almost a century, Montaña de Covadonga National Park, enlarged in the last decades configuring the current Picos de Europa National Park, are studied. Obtained results allow us to recogni ze landscape changes occurred in the whole PNPE territory, in the one corresponding to the historical park (PNMC) and in the one corresponding to the recently included area (PNPE-PNMC). Landscape changes, considered as the spatial variation in the territory's ecositemic relationships, condition changes in the environmental values supported by these ecological processes. Environmental values have been defined in accordance with the protected area's conservation objectives, stated on its declaration act. The three territories have undergone very similar landscape changes, with landscape conservation as the main trend in the most area . Noteworthy land use changes, although not very numerous, are the increase in forest areas and the decrease in sparse trees forests and cultivated ones. In the three territories naturalistic and systemic va lues have increased . Cultural-anthropologic-educative values slightly decreases. Recrea tional ones decrease in PNMC, increases in PNMC-PNPE and do not change in PNPE. Educative values show the smallest change in the three territories. The main difference observed is that in PNPE and PNMC territories global environmental guality change is related with same sign changes in the whole set of environmental values. In the PNPE-PNMC territory, on the contrary, different combinations in increases or decreases in environmental va lues lead to equivalent changes in global environmental quality. Methods as the one developed here can be implemented in the protected area planning and management routinely activities. This will allow to protected area managers monitoring landscape change and help them in the management work, in accordance with the protected area objectives.
Landscape and environmental quality changes, related to them, in a protected a rea since almost a century, Montaña de Covadonga National Park, enlarged in the last decades configuring the current Picos de Europa National Park, are studied. Obtained results allow us to recogni ze landscape changes occurred in the whole PNPE territory, in the one corresponding to the historical park (PNMC) and in the one corresponding to the recently included area (PNPE-PNMC). Landscape changes, considered as the spatial variation in the territory's ecositemic relationships, condition changes in the environmental values supported by these ecological processes. Environmental values have been defined in accordance with the protected area's conservation objectives, stated on its declaration act. The three territories have undergone very similar landscape changes, with landscape conservation as the main trend in the most area . Noteworthy land use changes, although not very numerous, are the increase in forest areas and the decrease in sparse trees forests and cultivated ones. In the three territories naturalistic and systemic va lues have increased . Cultural-anthropologic-educative values slightly decreases. Recrea tional ones decrease in PNMC, increases in PNMC-PNPE and do not change in PNPE. Educative values show the smallest change in the three territories. The main difference observed is that in PNPE and PNMC territories global environmental guality change is related with same sign changes in the whole set of environmental values. In the PNPE-PNMC territory, on the contrary, different combinations in increases or decreases in environmental va lues lead to equivalent changes in global environmental quality. Methods as the one developed here can be implemented in the protected area planning and management routinely activities. This will allow to protected area managers monitoring landscape change and help them in the management work, in accordance with the protected area objectives.