Publication: Conectividad ecológica horizontal y vertical
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Publication Date
2010
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O. A. Parques Nacionales. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (MARM)
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Abstract
Se ha estudiado el funcionamiento del paisaje con perspectiva sistémica y expresándolo en términos cartesianos.El objetivo de fondo es la conservación de la naturaleza, asumiéndose que quizá no debiera seguir considerándose la idea con el objetivo básico de delimitar espacios naturalísticamente valiosos, pues, reconociéndose el importante logro que representa disponer de 'espacios naturales protegidos', el concepto de sistema debe llevarse a la práctica de una vez. Tanto la gestión de la 'trama ecológica natural', que nunca queda limitada a los límites de un espacio protegido, como la consideración de las poblaciones humanas deben entrar a formar parte decididamente de los objetivos de la conservación. La conectividad se concibe como un proceso 'horizontal' y 'vertical'. El primero lo constituye un conjunto de fenómenos físicos y biológicos que generan conexiones espaciales a manera de trama o tejido territorial. En la conectividad se han incluido también procesos 'verticales', derivados de la interacción entre la estructura del paisaje y la socioeconómica, asumiéndose que buena parte del funcionamiento de los hoy llamados 'sistemas socioecológicos' deriva de la interdependencia entre ambas estructuras. Se ha llevado a cabo una descripción de estos procesos de manera simple, mediante modelos cartográficos previamente ensayados, ecuaciones sencillas de regresión, superficies de tendencia y productos de matrices de datos. En el estudio se ha considerado la relevancia de la ampliación de la red de carreteras 2000-2025 del territorio español, que constituye un ejemplo de interferencia entre las citadas infraestructuras naturales y rurales y esta red artificial, identificándose puntos de 'tensión' entre ambas, modelizándose y cartografiándose los costes ambientales o 'impactos' derivados de esta interferencia. Se han analizado también lagunas legales detectadas al tratar de aplicar estas ideas a la conservación de la naturaleza y a la planificación ambiental, indicándose las posibilidades de adaptación y aplicación de leyes y normativas a estos nuevos objetivos.
We studied landscape functioning from a systematic perspective, expressing it in Cartesian terms. Our fundamental idea involves nature conservation, as we assume that this idea should not continue to consist basically of delimiting naturally valuable spaces, because the important achievement of availing of 'protected natural areas' having been recognised, the idea of a system should be put into practice far once and far all. Conservation objectives should include both management of the 'natural ecological mesh' and consideration of local human populations. Co1mectivity is conceived as a 'horizontal' and 'vertica l' process. In the first case, a set of physical and ecological phenomena is considered, these generating spatial connections in the shape of mesh or territorial tissue. 'Vertical' processes have also been included in connectivity, these deriving from the interaction between the landscape and socioeconomic structures, it being assumed that much of the functioning of what are now known as 'socio-ecological systems' derives from the interdependence between both structures. We provided a simple description of these processes, using previously tested cartographic models, simple regression equations, trend surfaces analysis and products of data matrices. In our study we considered the relevance of enlarging the Spanish 2000-2025 roads network, this constituting an example of interference between the above mentioned natural and rural infrastructures and this network, and we identified points of 'tension' between them and modelled and mapped the environmental costs or 'impacts' deriving from this interference. We also analysed the legal shortcornings we detected upan attempting to apply these ideas to nature conservaban and environmental planning, indicating the possibilities far adaptation and application of laws and regulations in relation to these new objectives.
We studied landscape functioning from a systematic perspective, expressing it in Cartesian terms. Our fundamental idea involves nature conservation, as we assume that this idea should not continue to consist basically of delimiting naturally valuable spaces, because the important achievement of availing of 'protected natural areas' having been recognised, the idea of a system should be put into practice far once and far all. Conservation objectives should include both management of the 'natural ecological mesh' and consideration of local human populations. Co1mectivity is conceived as a 'horizontal' and 'vertica l' process. In the first case, a set of physical and ecological phenomena is considered, these generating spatial connections in the shape of mesh or territorial tissue. 'Vertical' processes have also been included in connectivity, these deriving from the interaction between the landscape and socioeconomic structures, it being assumed that much of the functioning of what are now known as 'socio-ecological systems' derives from the interdependence between both structures. We provided a simple description of these processes, using previously tested cartographic models, simple regression equations, trend surfaces analysis and products of data matrices. In our study we considered the relevance of enlarging the Spanish 2000-2025 roads network, this constituting an example of interference between the above mentioned natural and rural infrastructures and this network, and we identified points of 'tension' between them and modelled and mapped the environmental costs or 'impacts' deriving from this interference. We also analysed the legal shortcornings we detected upan attempting to apply these ideas to nature conservaban and environmental planning, indicating the possibilities far adaptation and application of laws and regulations in relation to these new objectives.