Publication: El sistema inmune bacteriano (CRISPR), una herramienta universal en la edición de genomas.
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2017-06
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Abstract
Desde hace muchos años se llevan estudiando técnicas de edición genómica que hagan posible llevar a cabo un estudio exhaustivo del genoma celular. Sin embargo, ha sido el descubrimiento del sistema CRISPR/Cas el que ha supuesto un gran avance en el mundo de la edición genómica. Originalmente, constituye el sistema inmunitario adaptativo de los organismos procariotas mediado por un grupo de repeticiones palindrómicas cortas agrupadas e interespacidas (CRISPR). Está técnica permite manipular el genoma celular de formas nunca vistas hasta el momento empleando nucleasas guiadas por RNA, como es el caso de la nucleasa Cas9; de una forma sencilla, rápida y específica pudiendo actuar sobre genes endógenos concretos de múltiples organismos diferentes que hasta el momento habían sido imposibles de manipular genéticamente. Aunque todavía quedan por definir todas sus características, el sistema CRISPR posee una amplia gama de aplicaciones, como pueden ser el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades genéticas e infecciosas, el control de plagas o en el rastreo y el control de la expresión génica empleando variantes de Cas9.
In order to be able to understand the genome and get its easy manipulation, scientists have been studying different ways of Genome Edition for so many years. Nevertheless, it has been the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas system which has broken with all previous known standards of genome edition. Originally, this system derived from the prokaryote’s adaptive immune system mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). This technology allows to manipulate endogenous genes of the cellular genome using a RNA-guided nuclease, such as Cas9, with a high accuracy and in an easy and rapid way. Nowadays, CRISPR system has been used in a wide variety of organisms that have traditionally been challenging to manipulate genetically. Although all its features must be fully defined, CRISPR system is a powerful technic that enable a broad range of applications from basic biology to biotechnology and medicine.
In order to be able to understand the genome and get its easy manipulation, scientists have been studying different ways of Genome Edition for so many years. Nevertheless, it has been the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas system which has broken with all previous known standards of genome edition. Originally, this system derived from the prokaryote’s adaptive immune system mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). This technology allows to manipulate endogenous genes of the cellular genome using a RNA-guided nuclease, such as Cas9, with a high accuracy and in an easy and rapid way. Nowadays, CRISPR system has been used in a wide variety of organisms that have traditionally been challenging to manipulate genetically. Although all its features must be fully defined, CRISPR system is a powerful technic that enable a broad range of applications from basic biology to biotechnology and medicine.