Publication: Enfermedades reemergentes: el Sarampión y el Movimiento Antivacunas
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2019-10-05
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Abstract
La vacunación es una de las intervenciones médicas más eficaces y, gracias a ellas, se pueden prevenir hasta 17 enfermedades transmisibles. Se ha observado una disminución en la cobertura vacunal del sarampión en algunos países europeos, lo que ha promovido la aparición de nuevos brotes de sarampión. Incluso en España, donde mantenemos unas altas coberturas, existen grandes diferencias entre comunidades autónomas, que afectan sobre todo a la segunda dosis de la vacuna.
Con el fin de conocer cuáles son las motivaciones de los padres reticentes y cómo sus decisiones afectan a la cobertura vacunal, hemos llevado a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en la que hemos incluido artículos de revistas, libros y documentos extraídos de páginas web acreditadas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una relación entre la reticencia vacunal y la disminución de la cobertura, lo que desemboca en la aparición de bolsas de población susceptibles, donde dan comienzo los brotes de sarampión. Los argumentos que defienden los padres reticentes se basan sobre todo en la desconfianza y la crítica a la seguridad de las vacunas.
Las enfermeras tenemos un gran potencial para intervenir sobre ellos, aclarando sus dudas, informándoles de forma correcta y apoyándoles en la toma de decisiones, con el fin de provocar un cambio en su comportamiento. Para ello, tenemos que utilizar las herramientas que mejor se adapten a cada situación, utilizar la evidencia científica más reciente y utilizar los medios de comunicación como aliados, teniendo en cuenta los valores personales de la población.
Vaccination is one of the most effective medical interventions and, thanks to them, up to 17 communicable diseases can be prevented. There has been a decrease in the measles vaccination coverage in some European countries, which has promoted the appearance of new outbreaks of measles. Even in Spain, where we maintain high coverage, there are large differences between autonomous communities, which mainly affect the second dose of the vaccine. In order to know what are the motivations of reticence parents and how their decisions affect the vaccination coverage, we have carried out a bibliographic search in which we have included articles from journal, books and documents extracted from accredited websites. The results obtained show a relationship between the vaccination hesintacy and the decrease in coverage, which leads to the appearance of susceptible population pockets, where outbreaks of measles begin. The arguments defended by reticence parents are based above all on distrust and criticism of vaccine safety. Nurses have a great potential to intervene on them, clarifying their doubts, informing them correctly and supporting them in decision-making, in order to provoke a change in their behavior. To do this, we must use the tools that best suit each situation, use the latest scientific evidence and use the media as allies, taking into account the personal values of the population.
Vaccination is one of the most effective medical interventions and, thanks to them, up to 17 communicable diseases can be prevented. There has been a decrease in the measles vaccination coverage in some European countries, which has promoted the appearance of new outbreaks of measles. Even in Spain, where we maintain high coverage, there are large differences between autonomous communities, which mainly affect the second dose of the vaccine. In order to know what are the motivations of reticence parents and how their decisions affect the vaccination coverage, we have carried out a bibliographic search in which we have included articles from journal, books and documents extracted from accredited websites. The results obtained show a relationship between the vaccination hesintacy and the decrease in coverage, which leads to the appearance of susceptible population pockets, where outbreaks of measles begin. The arguments defended by reticence parents are based above all on distrust and criticism of vaccine safety. Nurses have a great potential to intervene on them, clarifying their doubts, informing them correctly and supporting them in decision-making, in order to provoke a change in their behavior. To do this, we must use the tools that best suit each situation, use the latest scientific evidence and use the media as allies, taking into account the personal values of the population.