Publication: Aplicaciones de la proteómica en la alergia: identificación y caracterización de alérgenos de relevancia clínica en la cuenca meditarránea
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2019-12-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La alergia respiratoria, que afecta a un 25‐30% de la población, es una de las principales causas de hipersensibilidad tipo I. Aunque la etiología de la alergia es compleja, la influencia tanto de factores genéticos como ambientales parece ser crucial en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. La respuesta alérgica, que cursa con un predominio de células T colaboradoras tipo 2 (Th2) y la producción de anticuerpos IgE, se produce como consecuencia de una reacción inflamatoria frente a antígenos de diferentes fuentes biológicas. Se pueden distinguir dos fases de la enfermedad, una fase de sensibilización en la que se producen células de memoria, y otra efectora, en la que, tras una reexposición al alérgeno, tiene lugar la liberación de mediadores de la alergia por parte de células específicas, como basófilos y mastocitos, que provocan la aparición de los síntomas. Existen una gran variedad de pólenes implicados en el desarrollo de la respuesta alérgica, constituyendo el polen de gramíneas la principal causa de alergia en la cuenca mediterránea. La expansión de la desertificación en todo el mundo ha provocado un aumento de la presencia de plantas adaptadas a condiciones extremas de salinidad y sequía que ha provocado que la sensibilización a su polen haya aumentado. Entre ellas, Salsola kali actúa como un importante agente inductor de la alergia en la Península Ibérica debido a su papel como especie invasora de ciertos cultivos, incluyendo el olivo. Por otro lado, el polen del olivo, segunda causa de polinosis en la cuenca mediterránea, es el principal inductor de alergia en Andalucía debido a su intenso cultivo...
Respiratory allergy is one of the main causes of type I allergy, which affects about 25‐30% of the population. Several studies indicate that the interaction of genetic and environmental factors are crucial for the development of this complex disease. Allergic responses constitute an inflammatory reaction against antigens from different biological sources with a T‐Helper‐2‐type cell (Th2) predominance and the production of specific IgE against them. Two phases can be distinguished in allergy, a sensitization phase where the development of memory cells takes place and, an allergen re‐exposure phase characterized by the activation and release of allergic mediators by effector cells, such as basophils and mastocites, leading to the onset of symptoms. Among pollens that induce allergy, grass pollen constitutes the main cause of pollinosis in the Mediterranean basin. The expansion of desertification processes across the world has led to an increase in the presence of plants adapted to severe salinity and drought conditions which has provoked an increase in the patient sensitization to those pollens. In Mediterranean countries, Salsola kali is becoming an important allergyinducer due to its role as invasive specie in some crops, including olive. Furthermore, olive pollen constitutes the second cause of pollinosis in the Mediterranean basin, and the first in regions where cultivation of olive trees is intensive, such as Andalusia...
Respiratory allergy is one of the main causes of type I allergy, which affects about 25‐30% of the population. Several studies indicate that the interaction of genetic and environmental factors are crucial for the development of this complex disease. Allergic responses constitute an inflammatory reaction against antigens from different biological sources with a T‐Helper‐2‐type cell (Th2) predominance and the production of specific IgE against them. Two phases can be distinguished in allergy, a sensitization phase where the development of memory cells takes place and, an allergen re‐exposure phase characterized by the activation and release of allergic mediators by effector cells, such as basophils and mastocites, leading to the onset of symptoms. Among pollens that induce allergy, grass pollen constitutes the main cause of pollinosis in the Mediterranean basin. The expansion of desertification processes across the world has led to an increase in the presence of plants adapted to severe salinity and drought conditions which has provoked an increase in the patient sensitization to those pollens. In Mediterranean countries, Salsola kali is becoming an important allergyinducer due to its role as invasive specie in some crops, including olive. Furthermore, olive pollen constitutes the second cause of pollinosis in the Mediterranean basin, and the first in regions where cultivation of olive trees is intensive, such as Andalusia...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 07/11/2019. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)