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Workers or Investors? Investigating the Reciprocity Aspects among Greek Social Enterprises Members

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2019
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Ediciones Complutense
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In Europe 160 million people are members of social economy enterprises and mutual societies. Members that work at social enterprises usually are bound with an employee relationship with their organization; on the other hand participating in a social enterprise could be their only chance to find a job, especially for economies that face a long-term recession such as the Greek economy. Social enterprises and entrepreneurs invest in reciprocity which represents that positive actions will inspire reciprocal positive actions. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of reciprocity on members’ decision either to invest in social enterprises or to work for them acquiring in both cases the necessary shares. For this reason, a survey was conducted among Greek members of social enterprises listed in the Greek Social enterprises directory, to investigate their aspects about reciprocity and if these aspects affect their decision to work in a social enterprise or support financially them. The survey process returned 142 fully completed questionnaires. The analysis identified a sub group (5 over 27 items) of the questions used to measure reciprocity that can be used to classify participants into shareholders - members (investors) and shareholders - workers in social enterprises. It is worth mentioning that sex or other demographic characteristics of the respondents do not affect this classification while there are only aspects of positive reciprocity that have either positive or negative effect on the possibility to work in social enterprises. Social entrepreneurs and the Greek state could use these findings in order to direct and manage their expansion efforts.
En Europa, 160 millones de personas son miembros de empresas de economía social, así como de mutuas. Los miembros que trabajan en empresas sociales generalmente están vinculados con una relación de empleados con su organización; por otro lado, participaren una empresa social podría ser su única oportunidad de encontrar un trabajo, especialmente para las economías que enfrentan una recesión a largo plazo, como la economía griega. Las empresas sociales y los empresarios invierten en reciprocidad que representa que las acciones positivas inspirarán acciones positivas recíprocas. El objetivo principal de este estudio es examinar el efecto de la reciprocidad en la decisión de los miembros de invertir en empresas sociales o trabajar para ellos, adquiriendo en ambos casos las acciones necesarias. Por este motivo, se realizó una encuesta entre los miembros griegos de las empresas sociales enumeradas en el directorio de empresas sociales griegas, para investigar sus aspectos sobre la reciprocidad y si estos aspectos afectan su decisión de trabajaren una empresa social o apoyarlos financieramente. El proceso de la encuesta arrojó 142 cuestionarios completos que se utilizaron para cumplir el objetivo de la encuesta. El análisis de regresión logística identificó un subgrupo (5 sobre 27 ítems) de las preguntas usadas para medir la reciprocidad que pueden usarse para clasificar a los participantes en accionistas: miembros (inversores) y accionistas – trabajadores en empresas sociales. Vale la pena mencionar que el sexo u otras características demográficas de los encuestados no afectan esta clasificación, mientras que solo hay aspectos de reciprocidad positiva que tienen un efecto positivo y negativo sobre la posibilidad de trabajar en empresas sociales.
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