Publication: Emprendimiento femenino y financiación social: un estudio comparado
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2019
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Abstract
En el actual entorno económico mundial organismos como la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) o el Banco Mundial reconocen el emprendimiento de nuevos negocios como un motor de crecimiento indiscutible y a los mecanismos financieros para ponerlo en práctica como determinantes. La literatura económica desde hace tiempo viene estudiando los procesos de emprendimiento desde diferentes perspectivas; aunque no tanto atendiendo al género de quien toma la iniciativa empresarial y a las singularidades de esta circunstancia, ya que hay situaciones que pueden llegar a condicionar la puesta en marcha de negocios por mujeres como el menor acceso a la financiación bancaria frente a sus homólogos masculinos, lo que puede justificar una menor actividad emprendedora. En ámbitos específicos como el emprendimiento social, donde el componente del lucro se ajusta con la dimensión social y medioambiental del proyecto, se pone de manifiesto esta situación. El presente artículo se centra en la demanda de financiación por parte de las emprendedoras a partir de tres bloques de análisis. En el primero, se estudian las necesidades de recursos financieros de las emprendedoras frente a los emprendedores con el propósito de establecer si hay diferencias relevantes, contrastando si las primeras precisan menos financiación que los segundos a la hora de llevar a cabo iniciativas empresariales. En el siguiente bloque, se analizan las fuentes de financiación principal declaradas por las emprendedoras de 69 países en la encuesta del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), identificando varios clústeres relevantes con resultados diversos. Esto último hace posible, para terminar, contrastar empíricamente las diferencias en las fuentes principales expresadas por hombres y mujeres para financiar sus negocios.
In the current global economic environment, institutions such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or the World Bank recognize the entrepreneurship of new businesses as a driver of unquestionable growth, and the financial mechanisms to put it into practice as determinants. The economic literature has long been studying the processes of entrepreneurship from different perspectives; although not so much considering the gender of the entrepreneur and the singularities of this circumstance, since there are situations that can lead to condition the start-up of business by women as less access to bank financing compared to their male counterparts, which may justify a lower entrepreneurial activity. In specific fields like social entrepreneurship, where the profit component fits with the social and environmental dimension of the project, this situation can be shown. This article focuses on the demand for financing by female entrepreneurs on three blocks of analysis. In the first block, the needs of financial resources of female entrepreneurs are studied in comparison with male entrepreneurs, in order to establish if there are relevant differences, contrasting whether the former need less funding than the latter when carrying out business initiatives. In the next block, the main financing sources declared by female entrepreneurs of 69 countries in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey are analyzed, identifying several relevant clusters with diverse results. The latter makes it possible, in the end, to contrast empirically the differences in the main sources expressed by men and women to finance their businesses.
In the current global economic environment, institutions such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or the World Bank recognize the entrepreneurship of new businesses as a driver of unquestionable growth, and the financial mechanisms to put it into practice as determinants. The economic literature has long been studying the processes of entrepreneurship from different perspectives; although not so much considering the gender of the entrepreneur and the singularities of this circumstance, since there are situations that can lead to condition the start-up of business by women as less access to bank financing compared to their male counterparts, which may justify a lower entrepreneurial activity. In specific fields like social entrepreneurship, where the profit component fits with the social and environmental dimension of the project, this situation can be shown. This article focuses on the demand for financing by female entrepreneurs on three blocks of analysis. In the first block, the needs of financial resources of female entrepreneurs are studied in comparison with male entrepreneurs, in order to establish if there are relevant differences, contrasting whether the former need less funding than the latter when carrying out business initiatives. In the next block, the main financing sources declared by female entrepreneurs of 69 countries in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey are analyzed, identifying several relevant clusters with diverse results. The latter makes it possible, in the end, to contrast empirically the differences in the main sources expressed by men and women to finance their businesses.
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Este artículo forma parte de los trabajos vinculados al Proyecto de I+D+I FEM2017-83006-R , financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad –Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, UE).
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