Publication: La huella de la censura franquista: la primera traducción española de "1984"
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2019-06-19
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Abstract
"1984", de George Orwell, se publicó por primera vez en 1949. El contenido de la obra le costó su tardía publicación en España, donde se vio afectada por el aparato censor del régimen franquista. El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Máster es realizar un estudio de la censura en la primera traducción castellana de "1984", que data de 1952. Para ello, enmarcamos el trabajo en los Estudios Descriptivos de Traducción, por lo que veremos algunos de los postulados de esta rama más relevantes, como la teoría de los polisistemas, las relaciones de poder y las normas de traducción. También estudiaremos el funcionamiento del organismo censor del régimen de Franco, así como la suerte que corrió "1984" a manos este, algo que nos ayudará a determinar si las alteraciones que sufrió la novela de Orwell fueron resultado de la censura externa o de la autocensura. Finalmente, el análisis nos permitirá determinar qué tipos de censura se aplicaron en la traducción (sexual, religiosa o política) y qué estrategias se emplearon a la hora de matizar el texto final (eliminación, reformulación o sustitución).
George Orwell’s "1984" was first published in 1949. The content of the novel was responsible for its late introduction in Spain, where it suffered the censorship of Franco’s regime. The purpose of this Master’s dissertation is to study the censorship exerted on the first Spanish translation of "1984", published in 1952. To this aim, this dissertation is conducted within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, and some of the premises of this branch of study that are relevant to our investigation —namely the polysystem theory, power relationships and norms in translation— will be discussed. Focus will also be given to how censorship was operated, and the fate of "1984" under the Francoist control, which will determine if the modifications made on Orwell’s text were a result of external or internal censorship. The analysis will help us ascertain what kinds of censorship were used in the translation (sexual, religious or political), as well as the strategies adopted when censoring the target text (elimination, reformulation or substitution).
George Orwell’s "1984" was first published in 1949. The content of the novel was responsible for its late introduction in Spain, where it suffered the censorship of Franco’s regime. The purpose of this Master’s dissertation is to study the censorship exerted on the first Spanish translation of "1984", published in 1952. To this aim, this dissertation is conducted within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, and some of the premises of this branch of study that are relevant to our investigation —namely the polysystem theory, power relationships and norms in translation— will be discussed. Focus will also be given to how censorship was operated, and the fate of "1984" under the Francoist control, which will determine if the modifications made on Orwell’s text were a result of external or internal censorship. The analysis will help us ascertain what kinds of censorship were used in the translation (sexual, religious or political), as well as the strategies adopted when censoring the target text (elimination, reformulation or substitution).