Publication: Desarrollo de un framework para la creación de gemelos digitales usando IoT
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2020
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Abstract
El crecimiento de las nuevas tecnologías y el Internet de las Cosas ha empujado a todos los aspectos de la sociedad a crecer a la par. En este contexto aparece la industria 4.0, que busca aprovechar los datos de sensores para mejorar procesos y descubrir problemas.
Una herramienta muy útil en la industria 4.0 es el concepto de gemelo digital. El gemelo digital permite tener una copia exacta de cualquier objeto de manera virtual. La literatura al respecto indica que descubrir y resolver problemas en este gemelo es más eficaz.
Para estudiar el concepto, el proyecto propone una plataforma de gestión de gemelos digitales. Se ha llamado DgIoTwins. En esta plataforma se diferencia entre modelo 3D y escenario. Un modelo 3D es simplemente la copia de un objeto real –por ejemplo, un aerogenerador como objeto abstracto– de forma virtual. El escenario hace referencia a un objeto específico –por ejemplo, un aerogenerador concreto de un parque eólico concreto–usando un modelo 3D y un modelo de datos con los datos de dicho objeto.
Para facilitar el acceso al gemelo digital por parte de los usuarios, se proponen también visualizadores que funcionen en un navegador web, para realidad virtual y aumentada.
La comunicación entre los objetos reales y sus respectivos escenarios se realiza mediante MQTT y un protocolo de aplicación propio. Este protocolo describe la semántica para sincronizar el modelo virtual y el objeto real.
Por último, se detallan las conclusiones sacadas del proyecto, los inconvenientes y las posibles líneas de trabajo futuro.
The evolution of the new technologies and the Internet of Things has pushed all aspects of society, and these have evolved at the same time. In this context, industry 4.0 appears. It tries to take advantage of sensors data, to improve processes, and to find out problems. The concept of digital twins is a really useful tool. A digital twin is a virtual copy of an object. Literature on this subject shows that finding out and resolving problems with the twin is more efficient. To study the concept, this project proposes a digital twins manager platform whose name is DgIoTwins. In this platform, we can find models 3D and stages. A model 3D is simply a virtual copy of a real object –for instance, a generic wind turbine–, and a stage is a representation of a concrete object –for instance, a particular wind turbine in a particular wind farm–. A stage consists of a model 3D and data of the particular object. Every model 3D can be visualized in a web browser, in virtual reality, and in augmented reality. The communication between the real objects and their respective stages is done through MQTT and a custom application protocol. This protocol describes the semantics to synchronize the virtual model with the real object. Finally, this paper details the conclusion of the project, the inconveniences, and the possible future lines that the project could follow.
The evolution of the new technologies and the Internet of Things has pushed all aspects of society, and these have evolved at the same time. In this context, industry 4.0 appears. It tries to take advantage of sensors data, to improve processes, and to find out problems. The concept of digital twins is a really useful tool. A digital twin is a virtual copy of an object. Literature on this subject shows that finding out and resolving problems with the twin is more efficient. To study the concept, this project proposes a digital twins manager platform whose name is DgIoTwins. In this platform, we can find models 3D and stages. A model 3D is simply a virtual copy of a real object –for instance, a generic wind turbine–, and a stage is a representation of a concrete object –for instance, a particular wind turbine in a particular wind farm–. A stage consists of a model 3D and data of the particular object. Every model 3D can be visualized in a web browser, in virtual reality, and in augmented reality. The communication between the real objects and their respective stages is done through MQTT and a custom application protocol. This protocol describes the semantics to synchronize the virtual model with the real object. Finally, this paper details the conclusion of the project, the inconveniences, and the possible future lines that the project could follow.
Description
Máster en Internet de la Cosas, Facultad de Informática UCM, Departamento de Ingeniería de Software e Inteligencia Artificial (ISIA), curso 2019/2020