Publication: Comunicación astrocito-interneurona y el procesamiento de la información en las redes neuronales
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2020-03-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Bajo el título ‘COMUNICACIÓN ASTROCITO-INTERNEURONA Y EL PROCESAMIENTO DE LA INFORMACIÓN EN LAS REDES NEURONALES’ se recoge el trabajo realizado durante la ejecución de esta tesis doctoral, en la que se ha estudiado el control GABAérgico y el papel de los astrocitos en la regulación del tono inhibitorio y los procesos cognitivos. El procesamiento de la información en el cerebro refleja la relación entre eventos sinápticos excitatorios e inhibitorios que dan lugar a respuestas fisiológicas relevantes. El papel crucial de la inhibición GABAérgica en la modulación la actividad espontánea e inducida en los circuitos neuronales, la posiciona en el centro de estudio para un mejor entendimiento de los procesos cognitivos que subyacen el comportamiento animal. En el Sistema Nervioso destaca la presencia de las células de glía, con funciones diversas y, al mismo tiempo, esenciales en su fisiología. Los astrocitos, las células gliales más numerosas, establecen una comunicación dinámica con los elementos neuronales, conocida como Sinapsis Tripartita. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de las propiedades que rigen esta señalización proviene fundamentalmente del estudio de sinapsis excitadoras sobre neuronas piramidales, relegando a un segundo plano el análisis de la interacción entre interneuronas GABAérgicas y astrocitos, así como las implicaciones funcionales de esta interacción. El estudio de la señalización astrocito-neurona requiere del uso de nuevos métodos y herramientas experimentales y de análisis, que permitan la monitorización y manipulación de los astrocitos sin alterar de forma directa la respuesta neuronal, con el fin de determinar el papel que juegan estas células en los circuitos cerebrales. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta tesis doctoral ha sido en primer lugar, desarrollar y caracterizar herramientas ópticas que faciliten el estudio de la comunicación astrocito-neurona desde un punto de vista fisiológico, basándose en el uso de melanopsin, una proteína-G fotosensible, que permite controlar la actividad astrocitaria. Y en segundo lugar, estudiar las propiedades que subyacen la señalización entre astrocitos y neuronas GABAérgicas, y su participación en los eventos sinápticos y los circuitos corticales gobernados por estas células inhibitorias...
Under the title ‘INTERNEURON-ASTROCYTE BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION PROCESING IN NEURONAL NETWORKS’ we have collected the work done during the execution of this doctoral thesis, which has studied the GABAergic control and role of astrocytes in the regulation of inhibitory tone and related cognitive processes. Information processing in the brain reflects the relationship between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic events that give rise to relevant physiological responses. The crucial role of GABAergic inhibition in shaping spontaneous and evoked activity in neural circuits, has positioned it in the center of research to reach the understanding of cognitive processes underlying animal behavior. Within the Nervous System, it is important to highlight the presence of glial cells, with diverse functions that are essential in the physiology of the brain, Astrocytes, one of the most numerous types of glial cells, establish a dynamic crosstalk with neurons, term as the Tripartite Synapse. However, the knowledge of the properties that govern this signaling is mainly based on the study of excitatory synapses onto pyramidal neurons, relegating the analysis of the interaction between Gabaergic interneurons and astrocytes, as their functional implications. The study of astrocyte-neuronal signaling requires the use of new methods together with novel experimental tools and analyses that allow to monitore and to manipulate astrocytes, without indirectly altering neuronal responses, with the porpouse of determine the role of these astrocytic cells in brain circuits. Therefore, the aim of this doctoral thesis has been first, to develop and characterize optical tools that enable the study of this communication, astrocyte-neuron, from a physiological point of view, based on the use of melanopsin a protein-G photosensitive that allows the specific control of astrocytic activity. Second, to study the properties underlying the signaling between astrocytes-GABAergic neurons and their role in the synaptic events and cortical circuites that are shaped and ruled by these inhibitory cells...
Under the title ‘INTERNEURON-ASTROCYTE BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION PROCESING IN NEURONAL NETWORKS’ we have collected the work done during the execution of this doctoral thesis, which has studied the GABAergic control and role of astrocytes in the regulation of inhibitory tone and related cognitive processes. Information processing in the brain reflects the relationship between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic events that give rise to relevant physiological responses. The crucial role of GABAergic inhibition in shaping spontaneous and evoked activity in neural circuits, has positioned it in the center of research to reach the understanding of cognitive processes underlying animal behavior. Within the Nervous System, it is important to highlight the presence of glial cells, with diverse functions that are essential in the physiology of the brain, Astrocytes, one of the most numerous types of glial cells, establish a dynamic crosstalk with neurons, term as the Tripartite Synapse. However, the knowledge of the properties that govern this signaling is mainly based on the study of excitatory synapses onto pyramidal neurons, relegating the analysis of the interaction between Gabaergic interneurons and astrocytes, as their functional implications. The study of astrocyte-neuronal signaling requires the use of new methods together with novel experimental tools and analyses that allow to monitore and to manipulate astrocytes, without indirectly altering neuronal responses, with the porpouse of determine the role of these astrocytic cells in brain circuits. Therefore, the aim of this doctoral thesis has been first, to develop and characterize optical tools that enable the study of this communication, astrocyte-neuron, from a physiological point of view, based on the use of melanopsin a protein-G photosensitive that allows the specific control of astrocytic activity. Second, to study the properties underlying the signaling between astrocytes-GABAergic neurons and their role in the synaptic events and cortical circuites that are shaped and ruled by these inhibitory cells...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 22/11/2019