Publication: Alteraciones en la conectividad funcional en el autismo: un estudio mediante magnetoencelofalografía
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2020-03-24
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Desde inicios del siglo XXI la teoría de una conectividad alterada ha cobrado interés como modelo fisiopatológico dentro del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Esta teoría defiende que las deficiencias en la integración y sincronización de la actividad neuronal entre distintas regiones cerebrales puede dar cuenta de la sintomatología clínica del trastorno (Vasa, Mostofsky, y Ewen, 2016). Inicialmente se planteó que el trastorno podría caracterizarse por un patrón general de hipoconectividad (Just, Cherkassky, Keller, y Minshew, 2004) o por un patrón de hipoconectividad a larga distancia e hiperconectividad a nivel local (Belmonte et al., 2004), que podrían contribuir a las alteraciones sociales, cognitivas y comportamentales del (TEA). Ambos trabajos sirvieron de acicate para el surgimiento de multitud de estudios que pusieron a prueba ambas hipótesis. La literatura es consistente en afirmar la existencia de una conectividad funcional anómala en el TEA independientemente de la técnica de registro empleada (fMRI, EEG, MEG) y del estado cognitivo evaluado (actividad en reposo o tarea) (Hull et al., 2017; O’Reilly, Lewis, y Elsabbagh, 2017; Picci, Gotts, y Scherf, 2016; Vissers, Cohen, y Geurts, 2012; Wass, 2011). Sin embargo, estas mismas revisiones muestran escaso apoyo a las hipótesis iniciales, esbozando un patrón más complejo de hiper e hipoconectividad en el TEA...
The theory of altered connectivity has gained interest as a pathophysiological model within the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) form the beginning of the XXI century. This theory defends that deficiencies in the integration and synchronization of neuronal activity between different brain regions can account for the clinical symptomatology of the disorder (Vasa, Mostofsky, y Ewen, 2016). Initially it was suggested that the disorder could be characterized by a general pattern of hypoconnectivity (Just, Cherkassky, Keller, y Minshew, 2004) or by a pattern of long-distance hypoconnectivity and hyperconnectivity at the local level (Belmonte et al., 2004), which may contribute to the social, cognitive and behavioral alterations of ASD. Both works served as an incentive for the emergence of many studies testing both hypotheses. The literature is consistent in affirming the existence of abnormal functional connectivity in ASD regardless of the registration technique used (fMRI, EEG, MEG) and the cognitive status evaluated (resting state or task) (Hull et al., 2017; O'Reilly, Lewis, y Elsabbagh, 2017; Picci, Gotts, y Scherf, 2016; Vissers, Cohen, y Geurts, 2012; Wass, 2011). However, these same reviews show little support for the initial hypotheses, outlining a more complex pattern of both hyper and hypo connectivity in ASD...
The theory of altered connectivity has gained interest as a pathophysiological model within the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) form the beginning of the XXI century. This theory defends that deficiencies in the integration and synchronization of neuronal activity between different brain regions can account for the clinical symptomatology of the disorder (Vasa, Mostofsky, y Ewen, 2016). Initially it was suggested that the disorder could be characterized by a general pattern of hypoconnectivity (Just, Cherkassky, Keller, y Minshew, 2004) or by a pattern of long-distance hypoconnectivity and hyperconnectivity at the local level (Belmonte et al., 2004), which may contribute to the social, cognitive and behavioral alterations of ASD. Both works served as an incentive for the emergence of many studies testing both hypotheses. The literature is consistent in affirming the existence of abnormal functional connectivity in ASD regardless of the registration technique used (fMRI, EEG, MEG) and the cognitive status evaluated (resting state or task) (Hull et al., 2017; O'Reilly, Lewis, y Elsabbagh, 2017; Picci, Gotts, y Scherf, 2016; Vissers, Cohen, y Geurts, 2012; Wass, 2011). However, these same reviews show little support for the initial hypotheses, outlining a more complex pattern of both hyper and hypo connectivity in ASD...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, leída el 27/11/2019