Publication: Consumo intensivo de alcohol y diferencias de género: su impacto sobre el rendimiento ejecutivo de jóvenes universitarios
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2018
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Introducción: El consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA), conocido en el ámbito anglosajón como “Binge drinking”, consiste en la ingesta de cantidades elevadas de alcohol en cortos periodos de tiempo y es durante el fin de semana el patrón de consumo más extendido entre los jóvenes. En la actualidad constituye un importante problema psicosocial y sanitario cuyas repercusiones, entre otras, afectan al proceso de maduración cerebral característico de esta etapa vital. Objetivos: El objetivo del proyecto fue determinar si los factores género y patrón de consumo condicionan el funcionamiento ejecutivo de jóvenes universitarios de los que se han tomado medidas repetidas en el transcurso de dos años. Método: Este estudio forma parte de un proyecto más amplio que se ha desarrollado en colaboración con otras universidades españolas. Participaron en el estudio 98 estudiantes de primer curso de universidad, los cuales, después de sucesivos filtros, fueron evaluados con una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas; dicha evaluación se repitió dos años después para determinar los efectos del consumo mantenido sobre su rendimiento cognitivo. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas atribuibles a la interacción conjunta del género y el patrón de consumo en pruebas que implicaban hacer uso de la memoria de trabajo y, entre varones y mujeres en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Este último componente del funcionamiento ejecutivo resultó también afectado significativamente por la interacción de ambos factores en la segunda medición y, del mismo modo, al compararlo con la primera. Conclusiones: Como conclusión, podemos considerar que el patrón CIA ocasiona un impacto nocivo sobre el desarrollo madurativo del cerebro de mujeres y varones jóvenes, lo que se manifiesta en rendimientos neurocognitivos inferiores. Estos datos abren la puerta a futuras investigaciones para el estudio de sus efectos a más largo plazo.
Introduction: The intensive consumption of alcohol (ICA), known in the Anglo-Saxon as "Binge drinking", consists of the intake of high amounts of alcohol in short periods of time and is during the weekend the pattern of consumption more widespread among young people. Actually, it constitutes an important psychosocial and health problem whose repercussions, among others, affect the cerebral maturation process characteristic of this life stage. Objectives: The objective of the project was to determine if the gender and consumption pattern factors condition the executive functioning of university students from whom repeated measures have been taken over the course of two years. Method: This study is part of a larger project that has been developed in collaboration with other Spanish universities. 98 first-year university students participated in the study, who, after successive filters, were evaluated with a battery of neuropsychological tests; this evaluation was repeated two years later to determine the effects of consumption maintained on their cognitive performance. Results: The results indicated significant differences attributable to the joint interaction of gender and consumption pattern in tests that implied working memory and, among males and women in the decision-making process. This last component of executive functioning was also significantly affected by the interaction of both factors in the second measurement and, in the same way, when compared with the first. Conclusions: In conclusion, we can consider that the ICA pattern causes a harmful impact on the maturational development of the brains of young women and males, which manifests itself in lower neurocognitive performances. These data open the door to future research for the study of its longer-term effects.
Introduction: The intensive consumption of alcohol (ICA), known in the Anglo-Saxon as "Binge drinking", consists of the intake of high amounts of alcohol in short periods of time and is during the weekend the pattern of consumption more widespread among young people. Actually, it constitutes an important psychosocial and health problem whose repercussions, among others, affect the cerebral maturation process characteristic of this life stage. Objectives: The objective of the project was to determine if the gender and consumption pattern factors condition the executive functioning of university students from whom repeated measures have been taken over the course of two years. Method: This study is part of a larger project that has been developed in collaboration with other Spanish universities. 98 first-year university students participated in the study, who, after successive filters, were evaluated with a battery of neuropsychological tests; this evaluation was repeated two years later to determine the effects of consumption maintained on their cognitive performance. Results: The results indicated significant differences attributable to the joint interaction of gender and consumption pattern in tests that implied working memory and, among males and women in the decision-making process. This last component of executive functioning was also significantly affected by the interaction of both factors in the second measurement and, in the same way, when compared with the first. Conclusions: In conclusion, we can consider that the ICA pattern causes a harmful impact on the maturational development of the brains of young women and males, which manifests itself in lower neurocognitive performances. These data open the door to future research for the study of its longer-term effects.
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