Publication: Comparación de las secuencias polínicas del Holoceno reciente del yacimiento arqueopaleontológico de El Calvero de la Higuera (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid) y de la turbera de Rascafría (Madrid)
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Publication Date
2008
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Sociedad Geológica de España.
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Abstract
El análisis polínico de una turbera (Rascafría) y dos sitios arqueopaleontológicos (Cueva de la Buena Pinta y el Abrigo de Navalmaíllo pertenecientes al yacimiento Calvero de la Higuera, Pinilla del Valle, Madrid) han permitido reconstruir la dinámica de las comunidades vegetales de los últimos 5000 años, así como las características de la antropización desde la Prehistoria hasta la actualidad. Los registros polínicos holocenos de esta región permiten interpretar el tránsito desde unas condiciones más o menos forestales, caracterizadas por la profusión de pinares y melojares, así como de otros elementos mesófilos como el abedul, a la instalación progresiva de un medio forestal abierto y la proliferación de unidades de paisaje relacionadas con la antropización del medio. Un paleopaisaje de pastizales vivaces dedicados a actividades ganaderas trashumantes y transterminantes define diferentes niveles de presión antrópica. En particular, se ha podido determinar que los primeros eventos claros de antropización y deforestación de los bosques del Valle del Lozoya ocurrieron durante el III milenio cal. BC y que la fisionomía actual del paisaje en el área es la misma desde la Edad Media.
The pollen analysis of a peat bogs (Rascafría), two archaeopalaeontological sites (Buena Pinta Cave and Navalmaíllo Rockshelter, located in the Calvero de la Higuera Place, Pinilla del Valle, Madrid)) allowed to reconstruct the dynamic of the vegetation comunities of the last 5000 years, as well as the anthropic signals from the Prehistoric to the present time. The Holocene pollen records of this region allow to interpret a more or less forest conditions in its beginnings, characterized by the profusion of pine-groves and oak forests as well as of other mesophyle elements like the birch, followed by a progressive opening of the forest and the proliferation of landscape units related to anthropic effects. A paleo-landscape of pasture dedicated to transhumant and transterminant cattle activities define different levels of anthropic pressure. Particularly, it has been possible to determine that the first clear events of anthropization and deforestation of the Lozoya Valley forests occurred during the 3rd millennium BC, and the landscape physiognomy has not changed since the Middle Age.
The pollen analysis of a peat bogs (Rascafría), two archaeopalaeontological sites (Buena Pinta Cave and Navalmaíllo Rockshelter, located in the Calvero de la Higuera Place, Pinilla del Valle, Madrid)) allowed to reconstruct the dynamic of the vegetation comunities of the last 5000 years, as well as the anthropic signals from the Prehistoric to the present time. The Holocene pollen records of this region allow to interpret a more or less forest conditions in its beginnings, characterized by the profusion of pine-groves and oak forests as well as of other mesophyle elements like the birch, followed by a progressive opening of the forest and the proliferation of landscape units related to anthropic effects. A paleo-landscape of pasture dedicated to transhumant and transterminant cattle activities define different levels of anthropic pressure. Particularly, it has been possible to determine that the first clear events of anthropization and deforestation of the Lozoya Valley forests occurred during the 3rd millennium BC, and the landscape physiognomy has not changed since the Middle Age.