Publication: Aproximación a la infracción de las normas por parte de las trabajadoras sociales
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2020-05
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Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo se vincula a la producción teórica del trabajo social, a través de una aproximación a la infracción de las normas por parte de las trabajadoras sociales. Esta aproximación nace de una serie de inquietudes de la propia autora, gestadas durante los años académicos cursados, en torno a las normas formales —comprendidas, en el desarrollo del trabajo, como las principales formas del poder simbólico— y autoridades a las que, desde la lógica del ordenamiento burocrático, se deben obediencia, así como a cuestiones éticas y morales del trabajo social que se encuentran vinculadas al objeto de interés. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica que aporte categorías y perspectivas teóricas que faciliten la comprensión del objeto de estudio, seguida de un análisis cualitativo de cinco entrevistas a tres profesionales y dos alumnas. Por último, se verá complementado con algunas aportaciones sobre el Código Ético del Trabajo Social y la Constitución española.
La hipótesis de la que se parte propone que se experimentan dilemas éticos en torno a la norma, guardando una relación de ambivalencia con el lugar ocupado y desarrollando prácticas infractoras entre las trabajadoras sociales. Esta idea se verifica y complejiza a través de los resultados, en los que se ha podido observar diversidad de posturas tanto en relación con la percepción de la norma como, en consecuencia, respecto a las motivaciones para infringirlas.
Las trabajadoras denuncian la dificultad de diferenciar lo personal de lo profesional dentro de una estructura burocrática en la que deben obediencia a otras personas y, al mismo tiempo, son poseedoras de cierta autoridad.
The purpose of this text is linked to the theoretical output related to social work, through an examination of rule violation by social workers. This approach stems from a series of concerns, raised by the author herself during her formative years in academia, about formal rules (understood in this work as the primary forms of symbolic power) and those authorities who, according to the logic of the bureaucratic order, must be obeyed, in addition to ethical and moral issues related to social work that are linked to the object of study. To this end, a bibliographical review has been conducted to provide categories and theoretical perspectives that facilitate the understanding of the object of study. A quantitative analysis of five interviews with three social work professionals and two students has also been conducted. This is complemented by some commentary on the Code of Ethics for Social Work and the Spanish Constitution. The main hypothesis proposes that the norm poses ethical dilemmas for the social workers, who experience an ambivalent relationship with their position within this field, thus developing practices that violate the rules. This idea is verified and made more complex by the results, where it has been possible to observe diversity in the perception of the rules and in the motives to transgress them, along with an insistence on the necessity to differentiate the personal from the professional, and an emphasis in their own position within the bureaucratic structure, a structure where they owe obedience to other people and where, at the same time, they themselves are also in a relative position of authority.
The purpose of this text is linked to the theoretical output related to social work, through an examination of rule violation by social workers. This approach stems from a series of concerns, raised by the author herself during her formative years in academia, about formal rules (understood in this work as the primary forms of symbolic power) and those authorities who, according to the logic of the bureaucratic order, must be obeyed, in addition to ethical and moral issues related to social work that are linked to the object of study. To this end, a bibliographical review has been conducted to provide categories and theoretical perspectives that facilitate the understanding of the object of study. A quantitative analysis of five interviews with three social work professionals and two students has also been conducted. This is complemented by some commentary on the Code of Ethics for Social Work and the Spanish Constitution. The main hypothesis proposes that the norm poses ethical dilemmas for the social workers, who experience an ambivalent relationship with their position within this field, thus developing practices that violate the rules. This idea is verified and made more complex by the results, where it has been possible to observe diversity in the perception of the rules and in the motives to transgress them, along with an insistence on the necessity to differentiate the personal from the professional, and an emphasis in their own position within the bureaucratic structure, a structure where they owe obedience to other people and where, at the same time, they themselves are also in a relative position of authority.