Publication: Regeneración ósea guiada de defectos periimplantarios conun sustituto óseo de síntesis. resultados preliminares de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado.
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2020
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Abstract
Introducción: A pesar de que el xenoinjerto de origen bovino es el material considerado como referencia en los procedimientos de regeneración ósea, su uso no está exento de complicaciones, algunas derivadas de su origen animal. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la eficacia de un sustituto óseo de síntesis y de un xenoinjerto de origen bovino en regeneración ósea guiada de dehiscencias peri-implantarias, de forma simultánea a la colocación de implantes.
Material y métodos: Se planteó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado multicéntrico a doble ciego de grupos paralelos. La variable respuesta primaria fue el cambio en la altura del defecto peri-implantario a los 6 meses del tratamiento. Se midieron adicionalmente los cambios lineales del defecto óseo y los cambios volumétricos del mismo. Se realizaron mediciones lineales del defecto óseo en la cirugía de regeneración y colocación de implantes, y 6 meses después, en la cirugía de reentrada. Los cambios volumétricos fueron recogidos mediante escaneado intraoral y analizados mediante el software SMOP (SMOP, Swismeda Ltd®, Zurich, Suiza).
Resultados: Se presentan los resultados preliminares de los primeros 13 pacientes del centro de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. La altura inicial del defecto periimplantario fue de 4.6 mm en el grupo test y 3.3 mm en el grupo control, con una reducción media de 3.3 mm y 2.6 mm, respectivamente; sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas El volumen aumentado en la cirugía de reentrada fue de 39.2 mm3 en el grupo test y 20.3 mm3 en el grupo control, lo que supone una depreciación del volumen ganado inicial de 60.4% y 67.0%, respectivamente, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
Conclusiones: Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, incluido el pequeño tamaño muestral, se concluye que no parece haber diferencias entre el sustituto óseo de síntesis evaluado y el xenoinjerto de origen bovino, en la reducción de defectos peri-implantarios.
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Trabajo Fin de Master encuadrado en la línea de investigación Etiología y Patogenia de las enfermedades periodontales y periiimplantarias.
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