Publication: Estudio y propuesta de intervención para la conservación de la cerámica aplicada en la fachada del comercio histórico Comestibles Finos en Lavapiés, Madrid.
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2020-10
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Abstract
La esquina de la calle de San Carlos no3 del barrio de Lavapiés se encuentra decorada por cerámica datada a principios del siglo XX. Desde finales del siglo XIX, recubrir la arquitectura de los locales comerciales con este material se convirtió en una práctica muy habitual en la Villa de Madrid. Sin embargo, hoy en día se conservan contados ejemplos, uno de ellos es el local de Comestibles Finos. Este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto la importancia y el valor de esta singular tipología patrimonial. El fin de esta apreciación no es otro que el de la preservación del bien. Para ello, se plantearán una serie de cuestiones desde la óptica del conservador-restaurador. Tras abordar un primer estudio histórico, estético, material y legal del bien, se diagnostica un estado de conservación deficiente, detectando graves patologías –pérdidas y descohesiones– y acusadas incidencias de algunos agentes de deterioro, incrementadas por el abandono. Ante esta situación resulta urgente y necesario elaborar un plan de conservación. Dentro del proceso de conservación curativa y restauración se plantean tratamientos de fijación entre estratos, eliminación de morteros inadecuados, sellado de fisuras y juntas, reconstrucciones volumétricas y cromáticas, limpiezas, unión de fragmentos y eliminación de actuaciones anteriores dañinas. En el ámbito de la conservación preventiva se proponen medidas de control sobre las humedades y otros factores climatológicos, contaminantes atmosféricos, agentes biológicos, factores antrópicos, desastres naturales y accidentes. Por último, se realiza un modelo tridimensional de la fachada mediante la técnica fotogramétrica para asegurar la conservación del bien de manera digital.
The corner of Calle de San Carlos, 3 in Lavapiés neighborhood is decorated with ceramics dating from the early 20th century. From the end of the 19th century, covering the architecture of commercial premises with this material became a very common practice in Madrid city. However, today few examples are preserved, one of them is Comestibles Finos store. This work aims to highlight the importance and value of this unique heritage typology. The purpose of this assessment is none other than the preservation of the property. For it, several questions will be raised from the perspective of the conservator-restorer. After addressing a preliminary historical, aesthetic, material and legal study of the property, a deficient state of conservation is diagnosed, detecting serious pathologies –losses and disjoints– and strong incidences of some agents of deterioration, increased by abandonment. Given this situation, it is urgent and necessary to develop a conservation plan. Within the process of curative conservation and restoration, fixation treatments between layers, elimination of inadequate mortars, sealing of cracks and joints, volumetric and chromatic reconstructions, cleaning, union of fragments and elimination of previous harmful actions are proposed. In the area of preventive conservation, control measures are proposed for humidity and other climatic factors, atmospheric pollutants, biological agents, anthropic factors, natural disasters and accidents. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the facade is made using the photogrammetric technique to ensure the digital preservation of the property.
The corner of Calle de San Carlos, 3 in Lavapiés neighborhood is decorated with ceramics dating from the early 20th century. From the end of the 19th century, covering the architecture of commercial premises with this material became a very common practice in Madrid city. However, today few examples are preserved, one of them is Comestibles Finos store. This work aims to highlight the importance and value of this unique heritage typology. The purpose of this assessment is none other than the preservation of the property. For it, several questions will be raised from the perspective of the conservator-restorer. After addressing a preliminary historical, aesthetic, material and legal study of the property, a deficient state of conservation is diagnosed, detecting serious pathologies –losses and disjoints– and strong incidences of some agents of deterioration, increased by abandonment. Given this situation, it is urgent and necessary to develop a conservation plan. Within the process of curative conservation and restoration, fixation treatments between layers, elimination of inadequate mortars, sealing of cracks and joints, volumetric and chromatic reconstructions, cleaning, union of fragments and elimination of previous harmful actions are proposed. In the area of preventive conservation, control measures are proposed for humidity and other climatic factors, atmospheric pollutants, biological agents, anthropic factors, natural disasters and accidents. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the facade is made using the photogrammetric technique to ensure the digital preservation of the property.