Publication: Pruebas de diagnóstico rápido para malaria
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2018-02
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Abstract
La malaria es una enfermedad infecciosa que ocasiona gran cantidad de muertes a nivel mundial. Requiere un diagnóstico seguro y eficaz para poder controlarla y evitar complicaciones. La técnica de referencia para su diagnóstico es la microscopía, a pesar de los inconvenientes que presenta, aunque cada vez es más frecuente combinarla con técnicas complementarias como los test de diagnóstico rápido (RDT), que detectan antígenos del parásito presentes en la sangre mediante inmunocromatografía. A pesar de las numerosas ventajas y beneficios que ofrecen, su sensibilidad y especificidad varía en función de diversos factores que impiden su uso como técnica única. En algunas ocasiones, como ocurre en la malaria durante el embarazo, esta sensibilidad es superior a la de la microscopía. Existen diferentes dianas, como la HRP-2, la PLDH o la aldolasa,
pero presentan una serie de limitaciones que hacen necesaria la búsqueda de nuevas dianas que permitan obtener resultados mejores que los obtenidos en microscopía para, algún día, poder utilizar los RDT como método de referencia.
Malaria is an infectious disease that causes a great number of deaths worldwide. It requires a safe and effective diagnosis to be able to control it and avoid complications. The technique of reference for its diagnosis is microscopy, despite the drawbacks it presents, although it is increasingly common to combine it with complementary techniques such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), which detect parasite antigens present in the blood by immunochromatography. Despite the numerous advantages and benefits they offer, their sensitivity and specificity vary depending on various factors that prevent their use as a single technique. Sometimes, as in malaria during pregnancy, this sensitivity is superior than microscopy. There are different targets, such as HRP-2, PLDH or aldolase, but they present some limitations that make it necessary to search for new targets that allow obtaining better results than those obtained in microscopy to, one day, be able to use RDTs as reference method.
Malaria is an infectious disease that causes a great number of deaths worldwide. It requires a safe and effective diagnosis to be able to control it and avoid complications. The technique of reference for its diagnosis is microscopy, despite the drawbacks it presents, although it is increasingly common to combine it with complementary techniques such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), which detect parasite antigens present in the blood by immunochromatography. Despite the numerous advantages and benefits they offer, their sensitivity and specificity vary depending on various factors that prevent their use as a single technique. Sometimes, as in malaria during pregnancy, this sensitivity is superior than microscopy. There are different targets, such as HRP-2, PLDH or aldolase, but they present some limitations that make it necessary to search for new targets that allow obtaining better results than those obtained in microscopy to, one day, be able to use RDTs as reference method.