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Cooperative employment cycles in Spain. Does regional localization matter?

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2020
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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This paper presents a territorial analysis of the cooperatives within various Spanish regions. The purpose is threefold. The first objective is to investigate whether the cooperatives’ employment cycle shows a different relationship regarding the business cycle and whether this depends on the regional localization of the cooperatives. The second is to evaluate whether the greater the cooperative tradition, the greater the decoupling between business cycle and cooperatives’ cyclical phases. The third objective is to find out if, within the different Spanish regions, those cooperatives that survived the 2008 crisis share some common patterns. Our results show that (1) more than 50% of the regions achieve a medium degree of a pro-cyclical relationship and that only a small group of regions presents a counter-cyclical relationship; (2) the cooperatives' employment exhibits a certain degree of resilience; and (3) the cooperatives that survived the crisis were mature, small-sized firms with adequate financial ratios but with a negative profit margin.
Este artículo presenta un análisis territorial de las cooperativas desglosado a nivel de Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA). Tres son los principales objetivos. En primer lugar, investigar si el ciclo del empleo de las cooperativas muestra una relación diferente con respecto al ciclo económico dependiendo de la localización regional de las cooperativas. En segundo lugar, evaluar si cuanto mayor es la tradición cooperativa de la CCAA, mayor es el desacoplamiento entre el ciclo económico y las fases cíclicas de las cooperativas. Por último, descubrir si, dentro de las diferentes CCAA, las cooperativas que sobrevivieron a la crisis de 2008 comparten algunos patrones comunes. Nuestros resultados muestran que (1) más del 50% de las CCAA logran un grado medio de relación pro-cíclica y que solo un pequeño grupo de ellas presenta una relación contra-cíclica; (2) el empleo de las cooperativas exhibe un cierto grado de resiliencia; y (3) las cooperativas que sobrevivieron a la crisis eran empresas maduras, de pequeño tamaño, con índices financieros adecuados, pero con un margen de beneficio negativo.
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