Publication: Agricultura y desarrollo rural; referencia especial al asociacionismo agrario
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2007
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Abstract
La agricultura es una actividad trasversal que afecta al mundo rural pero también a pueblos que no son rurales. Es una actividad que está presente en pueblos muy grandes del Sur denominados agro ciudades. A pesar de todo hay una vinculación muy directa entre agricultura y ruralidad, no tanto porque la agricultura es ya la base del trabajo del mundo rural, sino porque siendo su matriz. Para analizar el trabajo agrario en el mundo rural hay varias fuentes, una es la Encuesta de la Población Activa (EPA) que da cuenta de las personas que trabajan en este sector y otra es el Censo Agrario o la Encuesta de Estructuras Agrarias que recoge todas las personas que tienen alguna vinculación laboral con la actividad agraria. El contraste entre estas dos fuentes revela la existencia de nuevas figuras que aparecen en los Censos y no en la EPA como los titulares de explotaciones agrarias que tienen otra actividad, los titulares que cubren menos de media jornada en la explotación, los cónyuges de los titulares o los familiares. Esto nos lleva a afirmar la importancia que tiene la actividad en el mundo rural por la vinculación a los trabajos de la agricultura no sólo de los agricultores sino también de aquellos que están jubilados, tienen otra ocupación principal o son simplemente colaboradores temporales del trabajo agrario.
Planteando el futuro de la agricultura se ha introducido un comentario sobre la importancia del asociacionismo, no tanto el de producción, sino el de comercialización. Si bien los niveles alcanzados en cuanto a miembros y sectores implicados es alto, todavía queda un gran trecho que recorrer, sobre todo en lo que respecta a cooperativas de segundo grado y control de los mercados. Este es un reto al que hay que sumar una nueva apuesta que consiste en penetrar en los circuitos de la transformación por participar del reparto de beneficios, que sin duda se generan en esta fase, y también, por cumplir la normativa sobre calidad de los productos alimenticios y la trazabilidad, retos para los que sin duda están muy concienciadas las cooperativas.
The agriculture is an activity trasversal that concerns the rural world but also to villages that are not rural. It is an activity that is present in very big villages of the South named agro cities. Regardless there is a very direct entail between agriculture and ruralidad, not so much because the agriculture is already the base of the work of the rural world, but because being his counterfoil. To analyze the agrarian work in the rural world there are several sources, one is the Survey of the Active Population (EPA) who realizes of the persons who are employed at this sector and other one is the Agrarian Census or the Survey of Agrarian Structures that he gathers all the persons who have some labour entail with the agrarian activity. The contrast between these two sources reveals the existence of new figures that appear in the Censuses and not in the EPA as the holders of agrarian developments who have another activity, the holders who cover less half a day in the exploitation, the spouses of the holders or the relatives. This leads us to affirming the importance that has the activity in the rural world as the entail o the works of the agriculture not only of the farmers but also of those that are retired, they have another principal occupation or are simply temporary collaborators of the agrarian work. Raising the future of the agriculture a commentary has interfered on the importance of the asociacionismo, not so much that of production, but that of marketing. Though the levels reached as for members and implied sectors it is high, still there stays a great span that to cross, especially regarding cooperatives of the second degree and control of the markets. This one is a challenge to that it is necessary to add a new bet that consists of penetrating in the circuits of the transformation for taking part of the distribution of benefits, which undoubtedly are generated in this phase, and also, to fulfill the regulation on quality of the nourishing products and the trazabilidad, challenges for those who undoubtedly are very aroused the cooperatives.
The agriculture is an activity trasversal that concerns the rural world but also to villages that are not rural. It is an activity that is present in very big villages of the South named agro cities. Regardless there is a very direct entail between agriculture and ruralidad, not so much because the agriculture is already the base of the work of the rural world, but because being his counterfoil. To analyze the agrarian work in the rural world there are several sources, one is the Survey of the Active Population (EPA) who realizes of the persons who are employed at this sector and other one is the Agrarian Census or the Survey of Agrarian Structures that he gathers all the persons who have some labour entail with the agrarian activity. The contrast between these two sources reveals the existence of new figures that appear in the Censuses and not in the EPA as the holders of agrarian developments who have another activity, the holders who cover less half a day in the exploitation, the spouses of the holders or the relatives. This leads us to affirming the importance that has the activity in the rural world as the entail o the works of the agriculture not only of the farmers but also of those that are retired, they have another principal occupation or are simply temporary collaborators of the agrarian work. Raising the future of the agriculture a commentary has interfered on the importance of the asociacionismo, not so much that of production, but that of marketing. Though the levels reached as for members and implied sectors it is high, still there stays a great span that to cross, especially regarding cooperatives of the second degree and control of the markets. This one is a challenge to that it is necessary to add a new bet that consists of penetrating in the circuits of the transformation for taking part of the distribution of benefits, which undoubtedly are generated in this phase, and also, to fulfill the regulation on quality of the nourishing products and the trazabilidad, challenges for those who undoubtedly are very aroused the cooperatives.
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