Publication: La regulación del autoconsumo eléctrico en el marco de la generación distribuida y la transición energética
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2021-04-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente tesis doctoral comienza con un profundo análisis de las directivas y reglamentos que conforman el marco legislativo para la transición energética en la Unión Europea durante el periodo 2021-2030, denominado oficialmente “Energía limpia para todos los europeos”; un conjunto normativo que constituye el necesario punto de partida para cualquier análisis riguroso en materia energética que hoy se quiera poner sobre la mesa.
La investigación continúa con la creación de un marco conceptual en torno a la generación distribuida de electricidad. En relación con este nuevo paradigma, primero se explica cómo será la gestión de la distribución eléctrica a través de las redes inteligentes, destacando la creación de comunidades energéticas locales y mercados locales de electricidad como principales novedades del modelo distribuido. Asimismo, se proponen unas pautas que sirvan para reforzar las bases dogmáticas de la neutralidad tecnológica; un principio que debería guiar la transición hacia la descarbonización y la eficiencia energética para que el proceso se ajuste a las necesidades reales de los colectivos involucrados, evitando así que la intervención administrativa pueda traducirse en fallos del Gobierno y provoque, en consecuencia, distorsiones económicas de difícil reparación. Un marco conceptual que se cierra con el estudio de los aspectos regulatorios relativos tanto a la participación y agregación de la demanda como a los recursos energéticos distribuidos más relevantes (a saber, los sistemas de almacenamiento y el vehículo eléctrico); novedades, todas ellas, absolutamente disruptivas.
Finalmente, puede encontrarse en este estudio un detallado comentario sobre las medidas regulatorias establecidas en materia de autoconsumo de energía eléctrica -pieza esencial del nuevo modelo distribuido- por el derogado Real Decreto 900/2015 y por el vigente Real Decreto 244/2019, comparando el tratamiento aplicado por uno y otro a los diferentes aspectos vinculados al desarrollo de la actividad. De modo que, a través de este ejercicio comparativo entre ambas disposiciones, se expone la consideración jurídica del autoconsumo, sus modalidades técnicas, así como su régimen económico y tarifario.
This doctoral thesis begins with depth analysis of the directives and regulations that make up the legislative framework for the energy transition in the European Union during the period 2021-2030, officially called "Clean Energy for All Europeans". This regulatory package is a necessary starting point for any rigorous examination in the field of energy at present. The research continues to the creation of a conceptual framework around the distributed generation of electricity. In relation to this new paradigm, it starts by explaining how electricity distribution will be managed through smart grids, highlighting the creation of local energy communities and local electricity markets as the main novelties of the distributed model. It also proposes guidelines that serve to reinforce the dogmatic bases of technological neutrality. This principle should guide the transition towards decarbonisation and energy efficiency. In this way, the process will follow the real needs of the groups involved, thus avoiding administrative intervention that could translate into government failures and consequently cause economic distortions that are difficult to repair. The conceptual framework concludes with a study of the regulatory aspects of the most important distributed energy resources (i.e., storage systems and the electric vehicle); all of which are absolutely disruptive. Finally, this dissertation provides a detailed commentary on the regulatory measures established in the area of self-consumption of electricity by the repealed RD 900/2015 and by the current RD 244/2019. It comes to comparing the treatment applied by each to the different aspects linked to the development of the activity. Therefore, through this comparative exercise between both regulations, the legal consideration of self-consumption, its technical modalities, as well as its economic and tariff system, are presented.
This doctoral thesis begins with depth analysis of the directives and regulations that make up the legislative framework for the energy transition in the European Union during the period 2021-2030, officially called "Clean Energy for All Europeans". This regulatory package is a necessary starting point for any rigorous examination in the field of energy at present. The research continues to the creation of a conceptual framework around the distributed generation of electricity. In relation to this new paradigm, it starts by explaining how electricity distribution will be managed through smart grids, highlighting the creation of local energy communities and local electricity markets as the main novelties of the distributed model. It also proposes guidelines that serve to reinforce the dogmatic bases of technological neutrality. This principle should guide the transition towards decarbonisation and energy efficiency. In this way, the process will follow the real needs of the groups involved, thus avoiding administrative intervention that could translate into government failures and consequently cause economic distortions that are difficult to repair. The conceptual framework concludes with a study of the regulatory aspects of the most important distributed energy resources (i.e., storage systems and the electric vehicle); all of which are absolutely disruptive. Finally, this dissertation provides a detailed commentary on the regulatory measures established in the area of self-consumption of electricity by the repealed RD 900/2015 and by the current RD 244/2019. It comes to comparing the treatment applied by each to the different aspects linked to the development of the activity. Therefore, through this comparative exercise between both regulations, the legal consideration of self-consumption, its technical modalities, as well as its economic and tariff system, are presented.
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Administrativo, leída el 18/11/2020