Publication: Factores psicológicos y psicofisiológicos implicados en el bruxismo y los trastornos temporomandibulares
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2021-05-28
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) son un conjunto heterogéneo de dolencias musculoesqueléticas y neuromusculares que involucran principalmente a la articulación temporomandibular y la musculatura masticatoria. El bruxismo es uno de los principales comportamientos de riesgo en el desarrollo de los TTM, y consiste en una actividad repetitiva de los músculos masticatorios caracterizada por apretamiento o rechinamiento de los dientes y/o por tensión o empuje de la mandíbula aun cuando los dientes no estén en contacto. Tanto el bruxismo como los TTM han mostrado tener relación con distintos factores psicológicos y sociales. El presente trabajo pretende estudiar los factores psicológicos y psicofisiológicos implicados en estos procesos. Para este propósito se han realizado dos estudios sobre bruxismo y TTM. En primer lugar, se realizó una extensa revisión bibliográfica con el fin de identificar qué factores psicológicos han mostrado mayor relación tanto con el bruxismo como con los TTM en la literatura. En esta revisión se hace un recorrido por las principales teorías etiológicas, desde las teorías morfológicas y oclusales hasta las teorías multifactoriales, donde los factores psicológicos juegan un interesante papel. Se ha podido constatar que elementos como la sensibilidad al estrés, el rasgo de ansiedad, la tendencia a la somatización, la personalidad, o los estilos de afrontamiento al estrés y al dolor, son algunos de los factores psicológicos con mayor poder predictivo sobre el desarrollo de TTM. También se muestra que el bruxismo de vigilia es el tipo de actividad bruxista sobre la que tienen mayor incidencia los factores psicológicos...
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint and the masticatory musculature. Bruxism is one of the main risk behaviors in the development of TMD. It is defined as a repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized either by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, or by tension even when the teeth are separated. Both bruxism and TMD are related to different psychological and social factors. The present work aims to study the psychological and psychophysiological factors involved in these conditions. For this purpose, two studies on TMD and bruxism were conducted. First, a review of the literature identifies which psychological factors are most related with both bruxism and TMD. The main etiological theories are first described, from morphological and occlusal theories to multifactorial theories where psychological factors play an interesting role. It has been found that the sensitivity to stress, the anxiety trait, the tendency to somatization, the personality, or thee stress and pain coping styles, are some of the psychological factors with the greatest predictive power of TMD. It is also shown that the psychological factors have larger incidence in awake bruxism than in sleep bruxism...
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint and the masticatory musculature. Bruxism is one of the main risk behaviors in the development of TMD. It is defined as a repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized either by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, or by tension even when the teeth are separated. Both bruxism and TMD are related to different psychological and social factors. The present work aims to study the psychological and psychophysiological factors involved in these conditions. For this purpose, two studies on TMD and bruxism were conducted. First, a review of the literature identifies which psychological factors are most related with both bruxism and TMD. The main etiological theories are first described, from morphological and occlusal theories to multifactorial theories where psychological factors play an interesting role. It has been found that the sensitivity to stress, the anxiety trait, the tendency to somatization, the personality, or thee stress and pain coping styles, are some of the psychological factors with the greatest predictive power of TMD. It is also shown that the psychological factors have larger incidence in awake bruxism than in sleep bruxism...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 16/03/2021