Publication: Enfermedades de la madera de la vid y su relación con la microbiota edáfica asociada a viñedos ecológicos singulares
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2021-05-31
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El suelo se define como la parte más externa de la corteza terrestre y presenta un sistema de interacción entre tres fases bien definidas: una fase sólida, constituida por materia mineral y orgánica, una fase líquida y una fase gaseosa o atmósfera del suelo. La porción inorgánica es importante por su influencia en la disponibilidad de nutrientes, aireación y retención de agua. La materia orgánica que compone el suelo procede de la actividad de los distintos organismos vivos del suelo. El resto del volumen del suelo está constituido por espacios porosos, que a su vez están ocupados por agua y los gases que constituyen la atmósfera edáfica.
Las interacciones que ocurren en el suelo vienen dadas por factores abióticos y bióticos. Entre los parámetros bióticos se encuentran; La capacidad de retención de agua en el suelo disponible para la planta, determinada mediante los parámetros Capacidad de Campo (CC) y Punto de Marchitez Permanente (PMP); Las variaciones de pH producidas por la actividad microbiana y la composición geoquímica del sustrato; Y la composición mineralógica del suelo, la cual se conecta estrechamente con los dos parámetros anteriores. Los parámetros bióticos que determinan la funcionalidad del suelo se miden de forma indirecta o directa. Una forma indirecta de inferir en la actividad microbiana del suelo es a través de la respiración (SIR) de los microorganismos que habitan en él. También el análisis de la actividad enzimática (β-galactosidasa, reductasa, fosfatasa y proteasa) de la población microbiana del suelo indica la fertilidad del mismo. Para analizar de forma directa las poblaciones microbianas que se encuentran en el suelo se utilizan recuentos de microorganismos viables mediante técnicas clásicas de microbiología y análisis meta-taxonómicos...
The soil is defined as the outermost part of the earth’s crust and presents an interaction system between three well-defined phases: (1) a solid phase, composed by mineral and organic matter; (2) a liquid phase and (3) a gaseous phase or soil atmosphere. The inorganic portion within the solid phase is important because of its influence on nutrient availability, aeration and water retention. The organic matter is make up by the activity of the living organisms in the soil. The rest of the soil volume contains porous spaces, which in turn are occupied by water and those gases within the soil atmosphere. The interactions occuring within the soil are given by both abiotic and biotic factors. Among the biotic parameters are: (1) water retention capacity of the soil available to the plant, determined by the Field Capacity (FC) and Permanent Wilt Point (PWP) parameters; (2) variations in pH produced by the microbial activity and the geochemical composition of the substrate; and (3) the mineralogical composition of the soil, which is closely connected with the two previous parameters. The biotic parameters that determine the functionality of the soil are measured either indirectly or directly. One indirect way of inferring the microbial activity of the soil is through the respiration (SIR) of the microorganisms that inhabit it. Furtermore, the analysis of the enzymatic activity (β-galactosidase, reductase, phosphatase and protease) of the soil microbial population also indicates the degree of soil fertility. In order to analyse directly the microbial populations in the soil, counts of viable microorganisms are used using classic microbiology techniques and meta-taxonomic analysis...
The soil is defined as the outermost part of the earth’s crust and presents an interaction system between three well-defined phases: (1) a solid phase, composed by mineral and organic matter; (2) a liquid phase and (3) a gaseous phase or soil atmosphere. The inorganic portion within the solid phase is important because of its influence on nutrient availability, aeration and water retention. The organic matter is make up by the activity of the living organisms in the soil. The rest of the soil volume contains porous spaces, which in turn are occupied by water and those gases within the soil atmosphere. The interactions occuring within the soil are given by both abiotic and biotic factors. Among the biotic parameters are: (1) water retention capacity of the soil available to the plant, determined by the Field Capacity (FC) and Permanent Wilt Point (PWP) parameters; (2) variations in pH produced by the microbial activity and the geochemical composition of the substrate; and (3) the mineralogical composition of the soil, which is closely connected with the two previous parameters. The biotic parameters that determine the functionality of the soil are measured either indirectly or directly. One indirect way of inferring the microbial activity of the soil is through the respiration (SIR) of the microorganisms that inhabit it. Furtermore, the analysis of the enzymatic activity (β-galactosidase, reductase, phosphatase and protease) of the soil microbial population also indicates the degree of soil fertility. In order to analyse directly the microbial populations in the soil, counts of viable microorganisms are used using classic microbiology techniques and meta-taxonomic analysis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, leída el 12/04/2021