Publication: Evaluación de la salud bucodental en madres y su relación con prematuridad y/o bajo peso de los recién nacidos
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2021-07-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la mujer, se experimentan cambios fisiológicos desde la pubertad, con los ciclos menstruales, el embarazo y la menopausia; las terapias hormonales y los tratamientos anticonceptivos son complemento habitual y, todo ello, tiene impacto en su Salud Oral.
En los pasados años 70 ya se hicieron publicaciones sobre la prevalencia de la gingivitis en el embarazo y que por efecto residual de las hormonas pueden formarse bolsas periodontales, pérdida de la fijación y/o aumento de la movilidad dental, que suponen la posibilidad de un severo deterioro bucodental por la gestación.
A finales del siglo, en la búsqueda de factores asociables a Prematuridad y Bajo Peso de los Recién Nacidos (RNs), ya se consideró la influencia de la salud oral, junto a otros factores maternos, en dicha prematuridad neonatal, pero en estudios multicéntricos en gestantes, realizados en los dos últimos decenios, los resultados de esa influencia sobre la salud de los Recién Nacidos han sido inconsistentes.
El hallazgo de microorganismos de la boca materna en la placenta, está estimulando de nuevo la búsqueda de esta posible asociación.
El Objetivo General de esta Tesis es valorar indicadores de salud bucodental y variables sociosanitarias maternas, tras el parto, en relación con variables de los correspondientes Recién Nacidos, y los Objetivos Específicos: 1.- Describir hábitos de interés sanitario y otras variables epidemiológicas de madres en postparto inmediato. 2.- Evaluar la salud bucodental de dichas madres por medio de los oportunos indicadores odontológicos. 3.- Analizar la posible influencia del estado bucodental materno en la antropometría, tiempo de gestación e indicadores de vitalidad del Recién Nacido. 4.- Contribuir al conocimiento de la trascendencia de la salud bucodental en la gestación y en la salud neonatal como base para la Educación Sanitaria Materna y Comunitaria...
In women, physiological changes are experienced from puberty onwards, with menstrual cycles, pregnancy and menopause; hormonal therapies and contraceptive treatments are commonplace and all of these have an impact on their Oral Health. In the 1970s, publications were made on the prevalence of gingivitis in pregnancy and that due to the residual effect of hormones, periodontal pockets can form, loss of fixation and/or increased dental mobility, which means the possibility of severe oral deterioration due to pregnancy. At the end of the century, in the search for factors associated with Prematurity and Low Birth Weight, the influence of oral health, together with other maternal factors, on such neonatal prematurity was already considered, but in multi-centre studies on pregnant women, carried out in the last two decades, the results of that influence on the health of newborns have been inconsistent. The finding of microorganisms from the mother's mouth in the placenta is again stimulating the search for this possible association. The General Objective of this Thesis is to assess oral health indicators and maternal socio-health variables after birth in relation to variables of the corresponding newborns, and the Specific Objectives: 1.- To describe habits of health interest and other epidemiological variables of mothers in immediate postpartum. 2.- To evaluate the oral health of these mothers by means of the appropriate dental indicators. 3.- To analyse the possible influence of the mother's oral health on anthropometry, gestation time and newborn vitality indicators. 4.- To contribute to the knowledge of the importance of oral health in gestation and neonatal health as a basis for Maternal and Community Health Education...
In women, physiological changes are experienced from puberty onwards, with menstrual cycles, pregnancy and menopause; hormonal therapies and contraceptive treatments are commonplace and all of these have an impact on their Oral Health. In the 1970s, publications were made on the prevalence of gingivitis in pregnancy and that due to the residual effect of hormones, periodontal pockets can form, loss of fixation and/or increased dental mobility, which means the possibility of severe oral deterioration due to pregnancy. At the end of the century, in the search for factors associated with Prematurity and Low Birth Weight, the influence of oral health, together with other maternal factors, on such neonatal prematurity was already considered, but in multi-centre studies on pregnant women, carried out in the last two decades, the results of that influence on the health of newborns have been inconsistent. The finding of microorganisms from the mother's mouth in the placenta is again stimulating the search for this possible association. The General Objective of this Thesis is to assess oral health indicators and maternal socio-health variables after birth in relation to variables of the corresponding newborns, and the Specific Objectives: 1.- To describe habits of health interest and other epidemiological variables of mothers in immediate postpartum. 2.- To evaluate the oral health of these mothers by means of the appropriate dental indicators. 3.- To analyse the possible influence of the mother's oral health on anthropometry, gestation time and newborn vitality indicators. 4.- To contribute to the knowledge of the importance of oral health in gestation and neonatal health as a basis for Maternal and Community Health Education...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Odontología, leída el 21/12/2020