Publication: Estudio de la capacidad de regeneración ósea de implantes microporosos de Titanio procesados mediante Robocasting
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2021-07-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La regeneración ósea es un concepto aplicado a un amplio abanico de campos en la medicina teniendo como principal objetivo lograr la regeneración del hueso o bien el aumento del mismo. Se han sido descritos múltiples técnicas, siendo evidentes en varios estudios las considerables limitaciones y complicaciones que existen con los tratamientos clínicos actuales. El desarrollo de este campo con la evolución de los diferentes materiales estudiados ha sido continuo en los últimos años. Inicialmente, los polímeros y cerámicas demostraron pobres tasas de resistencia frente a las cargas fisiológicas a las que son sometidas habitualmente los huesos. Como alternativa, las estructuras metálicas suponen un atractivo debido a su resistencia mecánica y a su comportamiento frente a la fatiga en largos periodos de tiempo. El titanio es hoy en día el material de elección para múltiples procesos ortopédicos, así como para la rehabilitación implantológica dental debido a la combinación de sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas y a su biocompatibilidad. Recientemente, basándose en los implantes compactos de titanio, se han comenzado a desarrollar componentes porosos de titanio. Actualmente se están fabricando estructuras metálicas tridimensionales complejas usando distintas técnicas aditivas. El Robocasting es una técnica aditiva en la cual una pasta de tinta se hace pasar a través de una boquilla móvil dando forma al objeto capa a capa. En esta técnica un modelo con diseño asistido por computadora 3D es dividido en capas, un fluido es extruido a través de una pequeña boquilla, dando la forma del modelo previo...
Bone regeneration is a concept applied to a wide range of fields in medicine with the main objective of achieving or increasing bone regeneration. Multiple techniques have been described due to the significant limitations and complications that exist with current clinical treatments. The development of this field has been continuous in recent years together with the development of different type of materials. Polymers and ceramics showed a poor rate of resistance to the physiological loads to which the bones are routinely subjected. Alternatively, metal structures are attractive due to their mechanical strength and the ability to resist fatigue over long periods of time. Nowadays, titanium is the material of choice for multiple orthopedic processes due to its excellent mechanical properties and its high biocompatibility. Recently, based on compact titanium implants, titanium porous metals have begun to be developed. Complex three-dimensional metal structures are currently being manufactured using different additive techniques. Robocasting is an additive technique in which a filament of ink through a nozzle forms the object layer by layer. In this technique a model with 3D computer-aided design is divided into layers, a fluid is extruded through a small nozzle, giving the shape of the previous model...
Bone regeneration is a concept applied to a wide range of fields in medicine with the main objective of achieving or increasing bone regeneration. Multiple techniques have been described due to the significant limitations and complications that exist with current clinical treatments. The development of this field has been continuous in recent years together with the development of different type of materials. Polymers and ceramics showed a poor rate of resistance to the physiological loads to which the bones are routinely subjected. Alternatively, metal structures are attractive due to their mechanical strength and the ability to resist fatigue over long periods of time. Nowadays, titanium is the material of choice for multiple orthopedic processes due to its excellent mechanical properties and its high biocompatibility. Recently, based on compact titanium implants, titanium porous metals have begun to be developed. Complex three-dimensional metal structures are currently being manufactured using different additive techniques. Robocasting is an additive technique in which a filament of ink through a nozzle forms the object layer by layer. In this technique a model with 3D computer-aided design is divided into layers, a fluid is extruded through a small nozzle, giving the shape of the previous model...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 08/02/2021