Publication: Sustitución de válvula aórtica en tiempos de COVID: caso clínico.
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2021-09-03
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Abstract
La estenosis aórtica es la valvulopatía más frecuente en España, cuya progresión conduce a insuficiencia cardiaca y su único tratamiento definitivo es la cirugía de reemplazo de válvula, ya sea a través de un implante transcateter (TAVI) o mediante cirugía abierta (RQVA). Actualmente con la pandemia sanitaria a causa de la COVID-19, gran cantidad de cirugías han sido suspendidas o aplazadas, lo que supone un agravamiento de la enfermedad, y en consecuencia un empeoramiento de los signos y síntomas que afectan a la calidad de vida e incluso pueden producir la muerte de aquellos quienes la padecen.
Por estos motivos, la intención del presente trabajo es mostrar a través de un caso clínico de sustitución valvular aórtica, la importancia del profesional de enfermería en este tipo de intervenciones, el cual además de estar a cargo de un paciente hemodinámicamente complejo e inestable, está en constante interacción con un equipo multidisciplinar formado por cirujanos, anestesista y perfusionista. Al tratarse de una cirugía cuya complejidad puede verse incrementada en cuestión de segundos, el profesional de enfermería debe estar formado en cirugía cardiaca y poseer una serie de capacidades que le permitan actuar de forma casi inmediata en caso de complicación.
Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease in Spain, whose progression leads to heart failure and its only definitive treatment is valve replacement surgery, either through a transcatheter implant (TAVI) or through open surgery (RQVA). Currently with the health pandemic caused by COVID-19, a large number of surgeries have been suspended or postponed, which means a worsening of the disease, and consequently a worsening of the signs and symptoms that affect the quality of life and they can even lead to the death of those who suffer from it. For these reasons, the intention of this work is to show through a clinical case of aortic valve replacement, the importance of the nursing professional in this type of intervention, which, in addition to being in charge of a hemodynamically complex and unstable patient, is in constant interaction with a multidisciplinary team made up of surgeons, anesthetist and perfusionist. As it is a surgery whose complexity can be increased in a matter of seconds, the nursing professional must be trained in cardiac surgery and possess a series of skills that allow them to act almost immediately in the event of a complication.
Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease in Spain, whose progression leads to heart failure and its only definitive treatment is valve replacement surgery, either through a transcatheter implant (TAVI) or through open surgery (RQVA). Currently with the health pandemic caused by COVID-19, a large number of surgeries have been suspended or postponed, which means a worsening of the disease, and consequently a worsening of the signs and symptoms that affect the quality of life and they can even lead to the death of those who suffer from it. For these reasons, the intention of this work is to show through a clinical case of aortic valve replacement, the importance of the nursing professional in this type of intervention, which, in addition to being in charge of a hemodynamically complex and unstable patient, is in constant interaction with a multidisciplinary team made up of surgeons, anesthetist and perfusionist. As it is a surgery whose complexity can be increased in a matter of seconds, the nursing professional must be trained in cardiac surgery and possess a series of skills that allow them to act almost immediately in the event of a complication.