Publication: La enseñanza de la botánica a través de los modelos anatómicos. Propuesta de conservación y restauración de cinco modelos clásticos pertenecientes al Herbario de la Facultad de Farmacia de la UCM
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2021-09-08
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Abstract
La conservación y la restauración del patrimonio científico-técnico, concretamente de objetos relacionados con la enseñanza de la botánica, son la clave principal de este trabajo fin de grado. A
partir de esta premisa, se llevará a cabo un estudio sobre cinco modelos clásticos pertenecientes al
Herbario de la Facultad de Farmacia en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, utilizados para la
enseñanza de la botánica en escuelas y universidades de toda Europa y América.
Este trabajo consiste, por tanto, en la elaboración de una propuesta de conservación y restauración
en base a una serie de estudios y documentación previa acerca de la historia y el contexto socio
cultural del momento en que se producen y utilizan estas piezas, la morfología y el volumen
tridimensional de las mismas, y sobre sus materiales constituyentes. Todo ello se realiza con el fin de
establecer una serie de criterios de intervención acordes a las necesidades de los modelos y dentro
de la legalidad a nivel nacional e internacional sobre las intervenciones en bienes culturales.
La propuesta se centra en la conservación curativa, la restauración y la conservación preventiva de
los modelos, atendiendo a su doble funcionalidad: estética y didáctica. Esta última ha sido superada
ampliamente hoy en día mediante la utilización de objetos tridimensionales fabricados de manera
rápida y también por el empleo de las tecnologías 3D, que muestran los elementos naturales de
manera virtual en pantalla mostrando todos sus detalles. De igual manera, uno de los objetivos más
importantes del trabajo y una idea que se quiere transmitir con él, es sobre la importancia de
conservar y preservar este tipo de patrimonio, que tuvo una importancia fundamental en la enseñanza
diaria en escuelas y universidades y que actualmente está siendo puesto en valor gracias a la toma de
conciencia sobre este valor para la sociedad.
The conservation and restoration of the scientific-technical heritage, specifically some objects related to the teaching of botany, are the main key to the work. Based on this premise, a study will be carried out on five clastic models belonging to the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy at the Complutense University of Madrid. Used for teaching botany in schools and universities throughout Europe and America. This work consists, therefore, in the elaboration of a conservation and restoration proposal based on a series of studies and previous documentation about the history and the socio-cultural context of the moment in which these pieces are produced and used, the morphology and their three�dimensional volume, and their constituent materials. All this is done to establish a series of intervention criteria according to the needs of the models and within the national and international legality of interventions in cultural property. The proposal focuses on curative conservation, restoration, and preventive conservation of the models, attending to their dual function: aesthetics and didactics. The latter has been widely surpassed today by three-dimensional objects manufactured quickly and using 3D technologies, which shows natural elements in a virtual way on screen showing all their details. In the same way, one of the most important objectives of the work and an idea that is to be transmitted with it, is about the importance of conserving and preserving this type of heritage, which was of fundamental importance in daily teaching in schools and universities and that it is currently being valued thanks to the awareness of this value for society.
The conservation and restoration of the scientific-technical heritage, specifically some objects related to the teaching of botany, are the main key to the work. Based on this premise, a study will be carried out on five clastic models belonging to the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy at the Complutense University of Madrid. Used for teaching botany in schools and universities throughout Europe and America. This work consists, therefore, in the elaboration of a conservation and restoration proposal based on a series of studies and previous documentation about the history and the socio-cultural context of the moment in which these pieces are produced and used, the morphology and their three�dimensional volume, and their constituent materials. All this is done to establish a series of intervention criteria according to the needs of the models and within the national and international legality of interventions in cultural property. The proposal focuses on curative conservation, restoration, and preventive conservation of the models, attending to their dual function: aesthetics and didactics. The latter has been widely surpassed today by three-dimensional objects manufactured quickly and using 3D technologies, which shows natural elements in a virtual way on screen showing all their details. In the same way, one of the most important objectives of the work and an idea that is to be transmitted with it, is about the importance of conserving and preserving this type of heritage, which was of fundamental importance in daily teaching in schools and universities and that it is currently being valued thanks to the awareness of this value for society.