Publication: Evolución del concepto de masculinidad en el contexto capitalista. Teorías sobre las nuevas masculinidades
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2021-09
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Abstract
El patriarcado y el capitalismo se han dado la mano históricamente gracias a la división sexual del trabajo, algo que ha motivado una ocupación de espacios en el mundo y una visión androcéntrica de la realidad. La masculinidad tradicional, llamada hegemónica, ha sustentado el poder y la dominación sobre las mujeres y sobre los hombres que no cumplían con los mandatos de género. En la actualidad, vive un momento de crisis y deconstrucción que ha propiciado el nacimiento del concepto nuevas masculinidades —
o masculinidades alternativas— sobre las que existe cierta desconfianza por la reproducción de neomachismos y nuevas formas de desigualdad.
La construcción de la masculinidad hegemónica guarda relación con la construcción de los Estados-nación y la manera de hacer política internacional en el capitalismo moderno.
En el contexto actual la globalización ha propiciado que tanto hombres como Estados estén diluyendo sus fronteras, pero reproduciendo mismas lógicas capitalistas patriarcales de división sexual.
La crisis de la masculinidad plantea nuevos dilemas a los hombres, a quienes la nueva ola feminista ha puesto ante el espejo. En este trabajo se cuestionan algunas de las preguntas históricas de la ética trasladadas a los estudios de género, con la intención de abordar a través de ellas el comportamiento masculino desde el prisma individual y colectivo.
Proponemos el concepto masculinidades éticas como base teórica de un verdadero cambio hacia la igualdad.
Palabras clave: masculinidades, género, patriarcado, capitalismo, política internacional,
globalización, masculinidades éticas
Patriarchy and capitalism have always walked hand in hand in History due to the factual gender-specific division of labour, which has motivated an occupation of spaces in the world and an androcentric vision of reality. Traditional masculinity, also called hegemonic, has supported the power and domination over women and those men who did not fulfill this gender roles impositions. Traditional masculinty is currently experiencing a conceptual crisis that has led to raise of the concept of new masculinities - or alternative masculinities - about which there is a certain lack of trust as neomachismo and new forms of inequality are thought to be reproduced. The construction of hegemonic masculinity is related to the development of the modern Nation-states as well as contemporary capitalism and its political manners. In this sense, globalization has contributed to merge borders between men and States, although this sexual división framework based on capitalism and patriarchy still remains. The crisis of masculinity raises new dilemmas for men, who are now facing themselves before a mirror. In this project, some historical questions of ethics transferred to gender studies have been considered aiming for a deeper view of individual and collective male endeavours. The concept of ethical masculinities will be suggested as the theoretical basis to seek a real change in the direction of equality Keywords: masculinities, gender, patriarchy, capitalism, international politics, globalization, ethical masculinities.
Patriarchy and capitalism have always walked hand in hand in History due to the factual gender-specific division of labour, which has motivated an occupation of spaces in the world and an androcentric vision of reality. Traditional masculinity, also called hegemonic, has supported the power and domination over women and those men who did not fulfill this gender roles impositions. Traditional masculinty is currently experiencing a conceptual crisis that has led to raise of the concept of new masculinities - or alternative masculinities - about which there is a certain lack of trust as neomachismo and new forms of inequality are thought to be reproduced. The construction of hegemonic masculinity is related to the development of the modern Nation-states as well as contemporary capitalism and its political manners. In this sense, globalization has contributed to merge borders between men and States, although this sexual división framework based on capitalism and patriarchy still remains. The crisis of masculinity raises new dilemmas for men, who are now facing themselves before a mirror. In this project, some historical questions of ethics transferred to gender studies have been considered aiming for a deeper view of individual and collective male endeavours. The concept of ethical masculinities will be suggested as the theoretical basis to seek a real change in the direction of equality Keywords: masculinities, gender, patriarchy, capitalism, international politics, globalization, ethical masculinities.