Publication: Análisis de eficiencia no paramétrica de las cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas
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2021
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Se analiza la eficiencia, desde una perspectiva agregada, en el uso de los factores de producción de 501 cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas en los años 2014-2017. Las cooperativas del estudio abarcan 22 actividades principales y se agrupan en 4 tamaños. Se trata de evaluar la aplicación adecuada de los recursos en la obtención de bienes o servicios para lo cual se obtienen, para cada cooperativa, tres indicadores que relacionan los gastos en recursos con los ingresos de explotación. Estos indicadores reflejan el uso de los factores de producción, y su inversa corresponde a una medida de eficiencia. Se realiza un análisis de tipo comparativo y multifactorial que se basa en la técnica de envolvimiento de datos (DEA) que proporciona valores de eficiencia relativos respecto a la mejor o las mejores prácticas. Se comparan los resultados de eficiencia obtenidos considerando rendimientos constantes a escala (RCE) y rendimientos variables a escala (RVE). Constatando el peso, todavía importante, que tienen las cooperativas pequeñas en el sector agroalimentario español, se obtienen valores de eficiencia medios, por tamaño de las cooperativas, y también por actividad productiva principal y por Comunidad Autónoma. Finalmente, y por la importancia del sector cooperativo agroalimentario en Cataluña, se comparan los resultados obtenidos por las cooperativas agroalimentarias catalanas con los obtenidos por las cooperativas agroalimentarias del resto de España. En los valores de eficiencia obtenidos con DEA no se aprecian sesgos en las cooperativas eficientes, que son tanto grandes, como medianas y pequeñas Se ha producido, en general, un incremento en la eficiencia media de los grupos de actividad, entre los años 2014 y 2017, tanto con RCE como con RVE. Los valores de eficiencia para las cooperativas catalanas y las cooperativas del resto de España son similares, aunque se observa una menor eficiencia para las primeras en comercio de frutas y hortalizas y en producción de pienso.
In aggregate perspective, this paper analyses the productive efficiency of 501 Spanish agri-food co-operatives over 2014-2017 period, covering 22 main activities and 4 different co-operative sizes. The focus is on the efficient use of resources to obtain goods and services for which three ratios are obtained, for each co-operative, between factor and product. This is a measure of factor use and the inverse is an efficiency measure. Furthermore, a non-parametric efficiency is obtained using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Efficiencies estimated using DEA are relative, that is, relative to the best performing. A comparison of results is made assuming that the operations follow both constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). The results are given aggregate by cooperative main activity, by cooperative size and by region. Finally, and due to the importance of the sector in Catalonia, a comparison between Catalan agri-food co-operatives efficiencies and the rest of Spanish agri-food co-operatives efficiencies is presented. In the efficiency values calculated by the DEA, no biases are observed in efficient cooperatives, which are both large, medium and small size. In general, it has been observed an increase in the average efficiency of the activity groups, between 2014 and 2017, both with RCE and with RVE. The efficiency scores for Catalonian co-operatives and for the rest of the Spanish co-operatives are very similar, although efficiencies of fruits and vegetables and animal food cooperatives are smaller in Catalonian than in Spanish ones.
In aggregate perspective, this paper analyses the productive efficiency of 501 Spanish agri-food co-operatives over 2014-2017 period, covering 22 main activities and 4 different co-operative sizes. The focus is on the efficient use of resources to obtain goods and services for which three ratios are obtained, for each co-operative, between factor and product. This is a measure of factor use and the inverse is an efficiency measure. Furthermore, a non-parametric efficiency is obtained using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Efficiencies estimated using DEA are relative, that is, relative to the best performing. A comparison of results is made assuming that the operations follow both constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). The results are given aggregate by cooperative main activity, by cooperative size and by region. Finally, and due to the importance of the sector in Catalonia, a comparison between Catalan agri-food co-operatives efficiencies and the rest of Spanish agri-food co-operatives efficiencies is presented. In the efficiency values calculated by the DEA, no biases are observed in efficient cooperatives, which are both large, medium and small size. In general, it has been observed an increase in the average efficiency of the activity groups, between 2014 and 2017, both with RCE and with RVE. The efficiency scores for Catalonian co-operatives and for the rest of the Spanish co-operatives are very similar, although efficiencies of fruits and vegetables and animal food cooperatives are smaller in Catalonian than in Spanish ones.
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