Publication: Los movimientos migratorios desde Centroamérica: perspectiva jurídica y securitaria
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2021-08
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Universidade Federal Fluminense (PPGSD/UFF)
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Abstract
Las migraciones desde Centroamérica hacia el Norte han aumentado en los últimos años. Este crecimiento se produce en un contexto de inestabilidad política, incremento de la violencia y de la inseguridad ciudadana y deterioro de la situación económica en la región. Existen figuras jurídicas adecuadas que ofrecen amparo a estas poblaciones como la protección temporal o el reconocimiento prima facie. La concesión de estas figuras depende de la voluntariedad de los Estados, pero la protección, si se demuestra que existen fundados temores para la vida, pasaría a ser una cuestión de Derechos Humanos y no de discrecionalidad política. Si se consigue demostrar los fundados temores de riesgo para la vida del migrante y/o la de su familia por las razones especificadas en la Convención de Ginebra y en su Protocolo de Nueva York, los Estados en tránsito y/o de destino deben hacer cumplir el Derecho Internacional de los Refugiados otorgando la cobertura necesaria para proteger sus vidas. En el caso de no quedar demostrados estos fundados temores para su vida y/o la de su familia, será la voluntariedad de los Estados la que determine el nivel de protección jurídica y política que ha de brindarse.
Central American migrations have increased in the last years. This situation is caused by a context of political instability, an increase of violence and the economic crisis of the region. These migrations are complex; therefore, we should think about the link between the regional economic process and the political situation in Central America. There are some ways of protecting these migrants, such as temporary protection (Temporary Protected Status) and the Prima Facie Recognition of Refugee Status. The implementation of these approaches depends on the will of each state but, if it is shown that there is well-founded concern for migrant life, it would be a Human Rights issue and not a discretional decision of States. If it is possible to demonstrate a well-founded fear of risk to the life of the migrants and their families for the reasons specified in the Geneva Convention and its New York Protocol, States in transit and/or destination must enforce the International Refugee Law by providing the necessary coverage to protect their lives. If these well-founded fears for their lives and their families are not demonstrated, it will be up to the States to determine the level of legal and political protection to be provided.
Central American migrations have increased in the last years. This situation is caused by a context of political instability, an increase of violence and the economic crisis of the region. These migrations are complex; therefore, we should think about the link between the regional economic process and the political situation in Central America. There are some ways of protecting these migrants, such as temporary protection (Temporary Protected Status) and the Prima Facie Recognition of Refugee Status. The implementation of these approaches depends on the will of each state but, if it is shown that there is well-founded concern for migrant life, it would be a Human Rights issue and not a discretional decision of States. If it is possible to demonstrate a well-founded fear of risk to the life of the migrants and their families for the reasons specified in the Geneva Convention and its New York Protocol, States in transit and/or destination must enforce the International Refugee Law by providing the necessary coverage to protect their lives. If these well-founded fears for their lives and their families are not demonstrated, it will be up to the States to determine the level of legal and political protection to be provided.