Publication: Seguridad ontológica y percepciones de amenaza: Rusia ante la ampliación de la OTAN
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2018
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Grupo de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional (GESI)
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Abstract
Rusia considera la aproximación o integración en la OTAN de otros países de Europa Central y Oriental o el Cáucaso como una amenaza directa, pese a que no supone ningún peligro para su propia soberanía e integridad territorial. En lugar de interpretar este proceso como una mera competición por la influencia, los dirigentes rusos lo perciben como una amenaza militar, que justificaría incluso el recurso a la fuerza para contrarrestarla. En el presente artículo se investigan los factores sociales e ideacionales que han dado lugar a esta securitización de la ampliación de la OTAN, impidiendo a Moscú adaptarse de forma más pragmática al nuevo juego de alianzas. El concepto de “seguridad ontológica” nos permite explicar la consistencia y permanencia en el tiempo de estas percepciones rusas, que se derivan de sus propias necesidades subjetivas.
Russia considers the rapprochement or integration into NATO of other countries of Central and Eastern Europe or the Caucasus as a direct threat, even though it does not pose any danger to its own sovereignty and territorial integrity. Instead of interpreting this process as a mere competition for influence, Russian leaders perceive it primarily as a military threat, which would even justify the use of force to counteract it. In the present article we investigate the social and ideational factors that have led to this securitization of NATO enlargement, preventing Moscow from adapting to the new game of alliances in a more pragmatic way. The concept of “ontological security” allows us to explain the consistency and permanence over time of these Russian perceptions, which are derived from its own subjective needs.
Russia considers the rapprochement or integration into NATO of other countries of Central and Eastern Europe or the Caucasus as a direct threat, even though it does not pose any danger to its own sovereignty and territorial integrity. Instead of interpreting this process as a mere competition for influence, Russian leaders perceive it primarily as a military threat, which would even justify the use of force to counteract it. In the present article we investigate the social and ideational factors that have led to this securitization of NATO enlargement, preventing Moscow from adapting to the new game of alliances in a more pragmatic way. The concept of “ontological security” allows us to explain the consistency and permanence over time of these Russian perceptions, which are derived from its own subjective needs.