Publication: Bacteriófagos, virus aliados en la guerra bacteriana
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2020-09
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Abstract
El aumento de bacterias multirresistentes en los últimos años es un problema creciente para la salud pública, estimándose como primera causa de muerte en el mundo para 2050. Entre las posibles soluciones, los investigadores han puesto el foco en el tratamiento con bacteriófagos, virus que parasitan bacterias de manera muy específica provocando su lisis sin dañar las células del paciente. Los bacteriófagos han demostrado claras evidencias de su eficacia en la eliminación bacterias in vitro. En este trabajo revisaremos diversas investigaciones realizadas que han proporcionado datos esperanzadores referentes al uso de cócteles de fagos, fagos asociados con terapia antibiótica y tratamiento con fagos obtenidos mediante ingeniería genética como tratamientos frente a infecciones causadas por bacterias multirresistentes. Actualmente su uso clínico en humanos esta únicamente autorizado en Rusia, Georgia, Polonia y en casos de uso compasivo ya que a pesar de que existen diversos ensayos clínicos en curso, los rigurosos controles de calidad y seguridad suponen un obstáculo en su desarrollo. Para afrontar el salto hacia su aplicación segura en clínica es necesaria la participación de una nueva industria farmacéutica y cambios legislativos que impulsen la investigación de estas terapias, en la que ya es la era post-antibiótica.
The increase of multi-resistant bacteria in recent years is a public health growing problem, being estimated as the first cause of death in the world by 2050. Among the possible solutions, researchers have been focusing on treatments with bacteriophages, viruses that parasitize bacteria in a very specific way causing their lysis without damaging the patient's cells. Bacteriophages have shown clear evidence of their effectiveness in killing bacteria in vitro. In this work, we will review various investigations that have provided promising data using phage cocktails, phages associated with antibiotic therapy, and treatment with phages obtained by genetic engineering as treatments against infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Currently, phage’s clinical use in humans is only authorized in Russia, Georgia, Poland and in cases of compassionate use. Despite the fact that there are several ongoing clinical trials, the rigorous quality and safety controls are preventing its development. To advance in its safe clinical application, the participation of a new pharmaceutical industry and legislative changes are necessary to promote the research of these therapies. This will contribute to reaching the so-called post-antibiotic era.
The increase of multi-resistant bacteria in recent years is a public health growing problem, being estimated as the first cause of death in the world by 2050. Among the possible solutions, researchers have been focusing on treatments with bacteriophages, viruses that parasitize bacteria in a very specific way causing their lysis without damaging the patient's cells. Bacteriophages have shown clear evidence of their effectiveness in killing bacteria in vitro. In this work, we will review various investigations that have provided promising data using phage cocktails, phages associated with antibiotic therapy, and treatment with phages obtained by genetic engineering as treatments against infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Currently, phage’s clinical use in humans is only authorized in Russia, Georgia, Poland and in cases of compassionate use. Despite the fact that there are several ongoing clinical trials, the rigorous quality and safety controls are preventing its development. To advance in its safe clinical application, the participation of a new pharmaceutical industry and legislative changes are necessary to promote the research of these therapies. This will contribute to reaching the so-called post-antibiotic era.