Publication: El impacto del cine en la estigmatización de los trastornos mentales
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2022-02-14
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Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene entre sus objetivos examinar qué películas conoce la población que incluyan un personaje con un trastorno mental diagnosticado y analizar cómo en su representación, y si incorporan ciertos componentes que perpetúan el estigma asociado a esta condición. Estudiar si las personas con un trastorno mental diagnosticado, con un conocido diagnosticado o ambas, se identifican más con el personaje. Así como, evaluar si las personas las personas con un trastorno mental diagnosticado, con un conocido diagnosticado o ambas, presentan actitudes más tolerantes hacia las personas con trastornos mentales. Para ello se elaboraron dos cuestionarios, el primero fue aplicado a 65 participantes que debían nombrar mínimo una película que cumpliese con los requisitos solicitados. E indicar el grado de simpatía e identificación sentidos hacia el personaje de la cinta escogida. En la segunda parte se aplicó el CAMI a 28 participantes, con los que se realizó el análisis comparativo. Se encontró que las películas con mayor frecuencia de respuesta fueron Múltiple, Joker y Una mente maravillosa. El grado de identificación en la muestra es similar oscilando desde la no identificación a la indiferencia, a excepción de la tercera película nombrada. Y en general, la muestra presenta actitudes tolerantes hacia las personas con trastornos mentales. Finalmente, el autor incluye propuestas de actuación que ayuden a erradicar el estigma a través de la concienciación y sensibilización, acercando el cine con esta temática a la población.
In this study, one of the main objectives is to know and analyse those films best known for the population that portray a character with a diagnosed mental disorder, and how they may include components that perpetuate the stigma associated to this condition. It is also studied whether people with a diagnosed mental disorder, with a diagnosed relative, or both, identify more with the character. As well as, to evaluate if people with a diagnosed mental disorder, with a diagnosed acquaintance or both, present more tolerant attitudes towards people with mental disorders. For this purpose, two questionnaires were developed. The first one was applied to 65 participants who had to name at least one film that met the requested criteria. Also, indicate the degree of sympathy and identification felt towards the character of the film chosen. In the second questionnaire, CAMI scale was applied to 28 participants, with whom the comparative analysis was carried out. It was found that the films with the highest frequency of response were Split, Joker and A Beautiful Mind. The degree of identification in the sample was similar, ranging from non-identification to indifference, except for the third film. And in general, the sample presents tolerant attitudes towards people with mental disorders. Proposals for action against stigma that bring cinema with mental health themes closer to society, were included by the author at the end of this project.
In this study, one of the main objectives is to know and analyse those films best known for the population that portray a character with a diagnosed mental disorder, and how they may include components that perpetuate the stigma associated to this condition. It is also studied whether people with a diagnosed mental disorder, with a diagnosed relative, or both, identify more with the character. As well as, to evaluate if people with a diagnosed mental disorder, with a diagnosed acquaintance or both, present more tolerant attitudes towards people with mental disorders. For this purpose, two questionnaires were developed. The first one was applied to 65 participants who had to name at least one film that met the requested criteria. Also, indicate the degree of sympathy and identification felt towards the character of the film chosen. In the second questionnaire, CAMI scale was applied to 28 participants, with whom the comparative analysis was carried out. It was found that the films with the highest frequency of response were Split, Joker and A Beautiful Mind. The degree of identification in the sample was similar, ranging from non-identification to indifference, except for the third film. And in general, the sample presents tolerant attitudes towards people with mental disorders. Proposals for action against stigma that bring cinema with mental health themes closer to society, were included by the author at the end of this project.
Description
El trabajo se presentó en la actividad para la semana de la ciencia de 2021 "Cine fórum: El cine y la estigmatización del trastorno mental" (https://www.semanacienciamadrid.org/actividad/cine-forum-el-cine-y-la-estigmatizacion-del-trastorno-mental) el 11 de noviembre a las 12 h.
Los responsables del proyecto fueron: José Javier Campos Bueno y Florentino Moreno Martín. Con la colaboración de Cristina García Yu.
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Citation
Badallo Carbajosa, A. (2012). Estigma y Salud Mental, España. Madrid: Grupo 5.
Balasch, M., Caussa, A., Faucha, M., & Casado, J. (2016). El estigma y la discriminación en salud mental en Cataluña 2016. Apunts, empresa d’economia social dedicada a donar oportunitats laborals a persones amb trastorns de salut mental, editor. Cataluña.
Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012). On the self-stigma of mental illness: Stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(8), 464-469.
Howard R. (director). (2001). A Beautiful Mind [Una mente maravillosa] [Película]. DreamWorks SKG; Imagine Entertainment; Universal Pictures.
Muñoz, M. (dir), et al. (2021). Guía de buenas prácticas contra el estigma. Estudio de indicadores y propuesta de una escala. Madrid: Cátedra Extraordinaria UCM -Grupo 5 contra el Estigma. Recuperado de:
https://www.contraelestigma.com/descarga-buenas-practicas
Philips T. (director). (2019). Joker [Película]. DC Comics; DC Entertainment; Warner Bros.; Village Roadshow; Creative Wealth Media Finance; 22 & Indiana Pictures; Bron Studios.
Ochoa, S., Martínez-Zambrano, F., Vila-Badia, R., Arenas, O., Casas-Anguera, E., García-Morales, E., ... & Haro, J. M. (2016). Validación al castellano de la escala de estigma social: Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness en población adolescente. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 9(3), 150-157.
Shyamalan M. (director). (2016). Split [Múltiple][Película]. Blumhouse Productions; Blinding Edge Pictures; Dentsu Inc; Fuji Eight Company Ltd; Fuji TV.