Publication: Estrategias para enlentecer el envejecimiento en modelos de ratón y en humanos. Efectos sobre la longevidad y la edad biológica
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2022-06-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Actualmente, debido a los avances médicos y socioeconómicos, la esperanza de vida ha aumentado, y con ello la aparición de enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento. Aunque el proceso de envejecimiento es un hecho fisiológico y no una enfermedad, durante su progreso se produce el deterioro de todos los sistemas fisiológicos, siendo más relevante en los sistemas reguladores, el sistema nervioso, inmunitario y endocrino. Estos tres sistemas, junto con la comunicación bidireccional existente entre ellos, forman el supersistema neuroinmunoendocrino, el cual es crucial para el mantenimiento de la homeostasis y, por tanto, de la salud del organismo. Dicho deterioro tiene como base el estrés oxidativo e inflamatorio (oxi-inflammaging) que se establece durante el envejecimiento, lo que explica el aumento de morbilidad y mortalidad asociado a este proceso. Dada la importancia del proceso de envejecimiento tanto a nivel social como científico, ha aumentado la necesidad de desarrollar y validar estrategias de estilo de vida que permitan enlentecer este proceso y prevenir la aparición de enfermedades o alteraciones asociadas al mismo, y así conseguir lograr un envejecimiento y longevidad saludables. En este contexto, nos propusimos estudiar el efecto de diversos tipos de estrategias tanto en humanos como en animales de experimentación, ratones. Estos últimos son imprescindibles, tanto por su similitud en la evolución de muchos de los parámetros analizados al envejecer con la que muestran los humanos, como, fundamentalmente, por su menor longevidad, para comprobar si las estrategias estudiadas permiten no solo mejorar la salud, sino si esto se refleja en una mayor esperanza de vida...
Currently, due to medical and socioeconomic advances, life expectancy has increased, and with it the appearance of diseases related to aging. Although the aging process is a physiological fact and not a disease, during its progress the deterioration of all physiological systems occurs, being more relevant in the regulatory systems, the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. These three systems, together with the bidirectional communication between them, form the neuroimmunoendocrine supersystem, which is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and, therefore, the health of the organism. This deterioration is based on the oxidative and inflammatory stress (oxy-inflammaging) that is established during aging, which explains the increase in morbidity and mortality associated with this process Given the importance of the aging process both socially and scientifically, the need to develop and validate lifestyle strategies that slow down this process and prevent the appearance of diseases or alterations associated with it, and thus achieve healthy aging and longevity, has increased. In this context, we set out to study the effect of various types of strategies in both humans and experimental animals, mice, which are essential, due to their proven similarity in the evolution of many of the parameters analyzed when aging with that shown by humans, but fundamentally because of their lower longevity, to check if the strategies studied allow not only to improve health, but if this is reflected in a longer life expectancy...
Currently, due to medical and socioeconomic advances, life expectancy has increased, and with it the appearance of diseases related to aging. Although the aging process is a physiological fact and not a disease, during its progress the deterioration of all physiological systems occurs, being more relevant in the regulatory systems, the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. These three systems, together with the bidirectional communication between them, form the neuroimmunoendocrine supersystem, which is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and, therefore, the health of the organism. This deterioration is based on the oxidative and inflammatory stress (oxy-inflammaging) that is established during aging, which explains the increase in morbidity and mortality associated with this process Given the importance of the aging process both socially and scientifically, the need to develop and validate lifestyle strategies that slow down this process and prevent the appearance of diseases or alterations associated with it, and thus achieve healthy aging and longevity, has increased. In this context, we set out to study the effect of various types of strategies in both humans and experimental animals, mice, which are essential, due to their proven similarity in the evolution of many of the parameters analyzed when aging with that shown by humans, but fundamentally because of their lower longevity, to check if the strategies studied allow not only to improve health, but if this is reflected in a longer life expectancy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 18-03-2022