Publication: Neoplasias en pacientes receptores de trasplante renal.
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2022-05-22
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Abstract
Introducción: El trasplante renal es el tratamiento que mayor supervivencia y calidad de vida ofrece en la enfermedad renal crónica. La patología neoplásica supone una tres principales causas de la pérdida del injerte en receptores de trasplante renal, debido a que durante la etapa postrasplante la incidencia de neoplasias es significativamente superior que en la población general. El objetivo de la revisión es investigar cómo afectan las neoplasias a este tipo de pacientes.
Métodos: Para realizar la búsqueda se ha formulado una ecuación de búsqueda combinando descriptores del tesauro MESH con operadores booleanos. La búsqueda se ha realizado en PubMed, CINAHL, Biblioteca Cochrane, Web of Science y Scopus. De los 69 artículos cribados, se seleccionaron 23 y además se añadieron otros 6 artículos por otros métodos de selección.
Resultados y Discusión: El sarcoma de Kaposi, la enfermedad linfoproliferativa postrasplante y los carcinomas cutáneos no melanoma pueden llegar a desarrollarse hasta 20 veces más frecuentemente que en la población general, así como el cáncer renal hasta 15 veces. Por su parte, los inmunosupresores inhibidores de mTOR han demostrado reducir la incidencia de neoplasias y la prevención a través de intervenciones en educación se ha mostrado efectiva, así como la vacunación, la quimioprevención y las pruebas de detección precoz de cáncer.
Conclusiones: El cáncer cutáneo es el cáncer más frecuente en receptores de trasplante renal, la terapia inmunosupresora puede aumentar o disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar una neoplasia por sí sola y las medidas de prevención han demostrado un aumento de la supervivencia.
Introduction: Renal transplantation is the treatment that offers the greatest survival and quality of life in chronic kidney disease. Neoplastic pathology is one of the three main causes of graft loss in renal transplant recipients, due to the fact that during the post-transplant stage the incidence of neoplasms is significantly higher than in the general population. The aim of the review is to investigate how neoplasms affect this type of patients. Methods: To carry out the search, a search equation was formulated combining descriptors from the MESH thesaurus with Boolean operators. The search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. Of the 69 articles screened, 23 were selected and a further 6 articles were added by other selection methods. Results and Discussion: Kaposi's sarcoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and nonmelanoma skin carcinomas can develop up to 20 times more frequently than in the general population, as well as renal cancer up to 15 times. For their part, mTOR inhibitor immunosuppressants have been shown to reduce the incidence of neoplasms and prevention through education interventions has been shown to be effective, as well as vaccination, chemoprevention and early cancer screening. Conclusions: Cutaneous cancer is the most common cancer in renal transplant recipients, immunosuppressive therapy alone can increase or decrease the risk of developing a neoplasm, and prevention measures have been shown to increase survival.
Introduction: Renal transplantation is the treatment that offers the greatest survival and quality of life in chronic kidney disease. Neoplastic pathology is one of the three main causes of graft loss in renal transplant recipients, due to the fact that during the post-transplant stage the incidence of neoplasms is significantly higher than in the general population. The aim of the review is to investigate how neoplasms affect this type of patients. Methods: To carry out the search, a search equation was formulated combining descriptors from the MESH thesaurus with Boolean operators. The search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. Of the 69 articles screened, 23 were selected and a further 6 articles were added by other selection methods. Results and Discussion: Kaposi's sarcoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and nonmelanoma skin carcinomas can develop up to 20 times more frequently than in the general population, as well as renal cancer up to 15 times. For their part, mTOR inhibitor immunosuppressants have been shown to reduce the incidence of neoplasms and prevention through education interventions has been shown to be effective, as well as vaccination, chemoprevention and early cancer screening. Conclusions: Cutaneous cancer is the most common cancer in renal transplant recipients, immunosuppressive therapy alone can increase or decrease the risk of developing a neoplasm, and prevention measures have been shown to increase survival.
Description
Mi Trabajo de Fin de Grado es una revisión bibliográfica que tiene el objetivo de investigar, averiguar, conocer y analizar cómo afecta la patología neoplásica en la supervivencia de un paciente que ha sido receptor de un trasplante renal. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado ha sido tutorizado por la profesora del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, María José Durá, que es profesora asociada de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) en este hospital. El mismo donde realicé mi defensa de este trabajo ante un tribunal compuesto por profesoras asociadas a la UCM de este hospital. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado ha obtenido una calificación de Matrícula de Honor.
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Citation
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