Publication: La construcción del ideal de belleza en Freud : viajes y encuentros decisivos en torno a Italia (1895-1913)
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2022-09-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Sabemos que de 1895 a 1913, Freud visitó Italia diez veces en sus vacaciones de verano. Durante el invierno, después de atender a sus pacientes, leía y se documentaba en profundidad en torno al arte y la cultura de este país. Los viajes realizados por el maestro vienés en este periodo suponían -en sus propias palabras- una fuente de goce y bienestar corporal, pero también los entendía como viajes de estudio y reflexión. Son años fundamentales en la maduración de grandes temas metapsicológicos como la sexualidad, el sentimiento de culpa o la importancia de la fantasía que habrán de culminar en su formulación del tema del ideal del yo/narcisismo y de su relación con el «ideal de la belleza». En presente trabajo se establecen tres etapas fundamentales en torno a la evolución del concepto freudiano de belleza: una fase inicial hasta 1910, basada en las obras de pintores italianos como Moretto, Tiziano o Rafael. El arquetipo femenino de la madre asexuada (Madonna) representa un ideal de belleza, basado en la virginidad. Asociado a este ideal, Freud se va a referir a los temas clínicos de la culpa y el síntoma histérico. Una fase intermedia (1910-1913) centrada en la figura de Leonardo da Vinci. El ideal de belleza se sitúa en este momento más allá de la diferenciación de los sexos. La «sonrisa de Leonardo» nos remitiría a la conciliación de la bisexualidad. Y, por último, una fase final (1913-1914) centrada en las obras de Miguel Ángel, concretamente en su Moisés. En este momento, Freud afirma que la belleza surge del vínculo amoroso que el artista establece con su creación...
As far as we are aware, Freud visited Italy ten times from 1895 to 1913, duringh is summer holidays. Through winter season, after taking care of his patients, he would read and deeply research about Italian art and culture. According to his own words, the Viennese master described those trips a “source of joy and physical well-being”, although he also considered them as trips to reflect and study. Those years were essential for maturing some major metapsychological subjects such as sexuality, sense of guilt or the importance of fantasy, that would culminate in his formulation of the “ideal of self/narcissism” and its relation with the “ideal of beauty”. Three fundamental stages around the evolution of the Freudian beauty concept are outlined in the present work: an initial stage that runs until 1910, based on the works of Italian painters such as Moretto, Titian or Raphael. The feminine archetype of asexual mother (Madonna) represents an ideal of beauty based on virginity. Related to this ideal, Freud refers to clinical matters such as guilt and hysterical symptom. An intermediate stage (1910-1913) is focused on Leonardo da Vinci. The ideal of beauty is now placed beyond differentiation of sexes. “Leonardo smile” would refer us to conciliation of bisexuality. Third and final stage (1913-1914) is focused on the works of Miquelangelo, in particular to his Moses...
As far as we are aware, Freud visited Italy ten times from 1895 to 1913, duringh is summer holidays. Through winter season, after taking care of his patients, he would read and deeply research about Italian art and culture. According to his own words, the Viennese master described those trips a “source of joy and physical well-being”, although he also considered them as trips to reflect and study. Those years were essential for maturing some major metapsychological subjects such as sexuality, sense of guilt or the importance of fantasy, that would culminate in his formulation of the “ideal of self/narcissism” and its relation with the “ideal of beauty”. Three fundamental stages around the evolution of the Freudian beauty concept are outlined in the present work: an initial stage that runs until 1910, based on the works of Italian painters such as Moretto, Titian or Raphael. The feminine archetype of asexual mother (Madonna) represents an ideal of beauty based on virginity. Related to this ideal, Freud refers to clinical matters such as guilt and hysterical symptom. An intermediate stage (1910-1913) is focused on Leonardo da Vinci. The ideal of beauty is now placed beyond differentiation of sexes. “Leonardo smile” would refer us to conciliation of bisexuality. Third and final stage (1913-1914) is focused on the works of Miquelangelo, in particular to his Moses...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 21-03-2022