Publication: Marcadores asociados a leucemia mieloide aguda y su respuesta frente a fármacos
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2022-10-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La leucemia mieloide aguda es un cáncer sanguíneo altamente heterogéneo que se caracteriza por la expansión descontrolada de células progenitoras mieloides del sistema hematopoyético. Supone la leucemia más común en adultos y la segunda más frecuente en niños. Su incidencia y mortalidad incrementan conforme aumenta la edad de los pacientes. Por esta razón, es una enfermedad que afecta habitualmente a la población de edad superior a 65 años, quienes presentan un porcentaje de supervivencia a 5 años inferior al 13,5 %.A pesar del avance en el conocimiento molecular de la patología, el tratamiento de los pacientes no ha variado sustancialmente en las últimas décadas. Aunque recientemente se han aprobado varios fármacos como terapia para la LMA, todos ellos distan de ser totalmente efectivos. En consecuencia, las respuestas que se alcanzan tras la administración de los compuestos disponibles son cortas, siendo común la aparición de resistencias farmacológicas. Por ende, la falta de efectividad de las distintas opciones terapéuticas es la principal responsable de la mortalidad asociada a la enfermedad. En este aspecto, el estudio de los mecanismos de resistencia farmacológica en LMA puede resultar muy útil para identificar biomarcadores de respuesta a los tratamientos disponibles, y para evaluar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que permitan prevenir la aparición de resistencias, o superarlas si se presentan...
Acute myeloid leukemia is a remarkably heterogeneous blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled expansion of myeloid progenitor cells from the hematopoietic system. It is the most frequent type of leukemia in adults and the second most common in children. Incidence and mortality rates rise with patients’ age. For this reason, the disease usually affects the population over 65 years of age, who present a 5 – year survival rate less than 13.5 %. Regardless of the increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, treatment has not substantially changed in the last few decades. Despite the recent approval of several drugs for AML treatment, all of them are far from being totally effective. In fact, the response to treatments is usually insufficient and patients develop resistance mechanisms, being this deficient effectivity of the different available drugs the main responsible for the disease-associated mortality. In this context, the study of the mechanisms underlying AML drug resistance can be very useful for the identification of biomarkers of treatment response, and for the evaluation of new promising therapeutic strategies that may prevent resistance development or even overcome them if they emerge...
Acute myeloid leukemia is a remarkably heterogeneous blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled expansion of myeloid progenitor cells from the hematopoietic system. It is the most frequent type of leukemia in adults and the second most common in children. Incidence and mortality rates rise with patients’ age. For this reason, the disease usually affects the population over 65 years of age, who present a 5 – year survival rate less than 13.5 %. Regardless of the increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, treatment has not substantially changed in the last few decades. Despite the recent approval of several drugs for AML treatment, all of them are far from being totally effective. In fact, the response to treatments is usually insufficient and patients develop resistance mechanisms, being this deficient effectivity of the different available drugs the main responsible for the disease-associated mortality. In this context, the study of the mechanisms underlying AML drug resistance can be very useful for the identification of biomarkers of treatment response, and for the evaluation of new promising therapeutic strategies that may prevent resistance development or even overcome them if they emerge...
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esis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 17-02-2022