Publication: ¿Qué explica las diferencias en el crecimiento de las exportaciones entre los países de renta media?
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2009
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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Abstract
Uno de los rasgos más destacables del comercio mundial durante las dos últimas décadas es la ganancia de cuota de mercado de los países de renta media en las exportaciones mundiales. Sin embargo, esta tendencia esconde grandes diferencias entre países. Mientras que países como China han conseguido multiplicar por diez sus exportaciones, otros países como Jamaica apenas han aumentado el valor de sus exportaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar estas diferencias. Para ello descomponemos el crecimiento de las exportaciones en dos márgenes: extensivo (diversificación de las relaciones comerciales) e intensivo (aumento del valor de las relaciones comerciales ya existentes). Nuestros resultados muestran que las diferencias en el crecimiento de las exportaciones entre los países de renta media se explican por la capacidad de mantener las relaciones de exportación a lo largo del tiempo y de aumentar el valor de las mismas de forma continuada. En cambio, la diversificación ha jugado un papel poco relevante en las diferencias de crecimiento de las exportaciones
entre los países de renta media.
One of the most prominent features of world trade over the past two decades is the growth of middle-income countries’ market share in world exports. However, this trend hides large differences across countries. While countries like China have increased tenfold its exports, other countries like Jamaica have just increased the value of their exports. The aim of this paper is to explain these differences. To this end we decompose the export growth into two margins: extensive (diversification of trade relations) and intensive (increase in the value of the trade relationships that already exist). Our results show that differences in export growth across middle-income countries are explained by the survival and deepening of export relationships. However, diversification has played a minor role in explaining the differences in export growth among middle-income countries.
One of the most prominent features of world trade over the past two decades is the growth of middle-income countries’ market share in world exports. However, this trend hides large differences across countries. While countries like China have increased tenfold its exports, other countries like Jamaica have just increased the value of their exports. The aim of this paper is to explain these differences. To this end we decompose the export growth into two margins: extensive (diversification of trade relations) and intensive (increase in the value of the trade relationships that already exist). Our results show that differences in export growth across middle-income countries are explained by the survival and deepening of export relationships. However, diversification has played a minor role in explaining the differences in export growth among middle-income countries.
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