Publication: Las nuevas técnicas informáticas y las Ciencias de la Tierra
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2005
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Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural
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Abstract
En este trabajo se revisa la incidencia de la computación y de la informática en las Ciencias de la Tierra. Se distinguen tres tipos de aplicaciones. Las que han sustituido tareas preexistentes, facilitándolas, automatizándolas y acelerándolas; las aplicaciones que han surgido posteriormente y que hubieran sido inimaginables antes de la aparición de los ordenadores, y las nuevas posibilidades que surgen vinculadas al desarrollo de la red global que denominamos Internet. En el primer apartado se encuentran las aplicaciones que precisan de mucho cálculo numérico, como las que se usan en Geofísica e Hidrogeología, más todas las que podemos considerar ofimáticas que sustituyen a máquinas de escribir, ficheros y libros de cuentas. Otras herramientas como los SIG, el procesado de imágenes y la interferometría de radar eran desconocidas y no se desarrollan hasta que existe la herramienta básica. Finalmente aparece Internet, revolución que en este momento, está comenzando a cambiar muchos de nuestros hábitos de trabajo. En el análisis de las diferentes tareas relacionadas con las Ciencias de la Tierra correspondientes a estos tres grandes conjuntos de técnicas informáticas hacemos especial énfasis en como han aparecido e incidido en el trabajo de los profesionales, investigadores y docentes de esta Ciencia.
The influence produced within the Earth Sciences by informatics and computing is revised in this paper, differentiating three types of applications. Some have replaced pre-existing tasks making them easier, faster or automatic, some other appeared later and could not have been conceived before the computers appearance, and finally new possibilities arise related to the global net development and generalization; which are what we callInternet. In the first case are included all the applications needing a large amount of calculations and processing, such are those used in Geophysics and Hydrogeology, in addition to all office tools as word processing, data bases, spread sheets, presentation programs which are replacing typewrlters, file systems, account books, and former means used for presentations such slides or transparencies. Some other tools as the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), image processing (11') and Radar interferometry are good examples for the type of applications which were inexistent and did not appear until the basic tool, the computer, developed. Finally after a large trial perlod which started in 1962, Internet becomes important in 1989, and "explodes" with the turn of the millennium, constituting the present revolution which is starting to change significantly some of our working habits. A review of the tasks related with Earth Sciences is here made and related with the three large ensembles of computing techniques descrlbed. We especially enhance the fact of how these appeared and how they affected the working method of Earth Science professionals, researchers and educational staff.
The influence produced within the Earth Sciences by informatics and computing is revised in this paper, differentiating three types of applications. Some have replaced pre-existing tasks making them easier, faster or automatic, some other appeared later and could not have been conceived before the computers appearance, and finally new possibilities arise related to the global net development and generalization; which are what we callInternet. In the first case are included all the applications needing a large amount of calculations and processing, such are those used in Geophysics and Hydrogeology, in addition to all office tools as word processing, data bases, spread sheets, presentation programs which are replacing typewrlters, file systems, account books, and former means used for presentations such slides or transparencies. Some other tools as the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), image processing (11') and Radar interferometry are good examples for the type of applications which were inexistent and did not appear until the basic tool, the computer, developed. Finally after a large trial perlod which started in 1962, Internet becomes important in 1989, and "explodes" with the turn of the millennium, constituting the present revolution which is starting to change significantly some of our working habits. A review of the tasks related with Earth Sciences is here made and related with the three large ensembles of computing techniques descrlbed. We especially enhance the fact of how these appeared and how they affected the working method of Earth Science professionals, researchers and educational staff.