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ICT and Cross-Country Comparisons: a Proposal of a New Composite Index

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2007
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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This paper focuses on the use and diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a mechanism that may reduce the global divide between rich and poor countries. Our main contribution deals with the importance of counting with accurate time-series data and a precise assessment of the components that define ICT indicators at a national level. Thus, a multiple imputation technique is carried out to estimate ICT missing data under the expectation maximization approach. The resulting dataset allows us to propose a more confident estimation of an ICT composite index based on the notion of national capabilities, the called NaCap Index. A distinctive feature of the NaCap is that it attempts to capture countries’ differences on education and structural elements, both determinant factors to attain positive impacts from the use of ICT. The calculation of the Nacap Index for a broad sample of 170 countries and for a time spam from 1991 to 2003 enable us to do cross-country and time comparisons in a more robust manner.
La idea de partida en este trabajo es que las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC), particularmente su uso y difusión, pueden resultar ser un mecanismo que contribuya a la disminución de la desigualdad existente entre países ricos y pobres en la era digital. Nuestra principal aportación está relacionada con la importancia que tiene la disponibilidad de información estadística para períodos extensos y mediciones más precisas de los distintos componentes que definen el nivel de acceso a las TIC de los países. Se recurre al uso de una técnica de imputación múltiple para estimar los datos ausentes de TIC y, a partir de esta estimación, se realiza la propuesta de un nuevo índice complejo de difusión de TIC que aporta una más adecuada cuantificación de las capacidades nacionales: el índice NaCap. Una de las características distintivas del NaCap es que intenta capturar el papel diferenciado de los distintos niveles de acceso a la educación en relación con la complejidad de las tecnologías y otros elementos estructurales de las economías, entendiéndolos como factores determinantes del impacto de las TIC en el desarrollo de los países. La estimación de los valores que adopta el índice NaCap en 170 países durante el período comprendido entre 1991 y 2003 permite la realización de análisis dinámicos así como acometer comparaciones internacionales más amplias y precisas que las que permite la información disponible en otras fuentes estadísticas internacionales.
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