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Opinión Pública, Participación Ciudadana y Política de Cooperación en España

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2007
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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En el actual mundo globalizado es difícil ignorar la extrema pobreza que afecta a millones de personas. La desigualdad global o la ayuda al desarrollo promovida por los gobiernos ricos son temas cada vez más familiares para la opinión pública de las sociedades desarrolladas. No obstante, no es fácil conocer qué es lo que la ciudadanía realmente sabe sobre estas cuestiones o cómo valora los esfuerzos de sus gobiernos para ayudar a los más pobres. Más aún, después de dos décadas de apoyo público a la cooperación al desarrollo, cabe preguntarse si lo que opinan los ciudadanos repercute en la política de ayuda, del mismo modo que las opiniones en otros ámbitos condicionan las decisiones que toman los representantes políticos. Este trabajo presenta el estado actual de la opinión pública española sobre la ayuda al desarrollo deteniéndose en analizar cuáles son las causas de la brecha que existe entre el apoyo mayoritario a la ayuda y el profundo desconocimiento sobre esta política y, en general, sobre las cuestiones de desarrollo. En última instancia, trata de argumentarse que la opinión pública española, salvo excepciones, apenas influye en las decisiones políticas sobre la ayuda.
In the current globalized world it is increasingly difficult to ignore the extreme poverty that affects millions of people. Global inequalities or aid policies promoted by rich governments have become more familiar to public opinion from developed societies. Nevertheless, it is not easy to understand what citizens really know about these issues o how they perceive their government’s efforts to help the poorest. Even more, after two decades of public support to development cooperation, it is worth questioning if public opinion influences aid policies, just as opinions on other spheres condition policy makers’ decisions. This work presents the current state of Spanish public opinion about development aid and analyses the causes that explain the gap between a general public support towards aid and a deep ignorance about this policy and development issues in general. Ultimately, it argues that Spanish public opinion, with a few exceptions, does not influence the political decisions on aid policy.
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