Publication: El acto de comer en el arte. Del eat art a Ferran Adrià en la Documenta 12
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2013-09-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La investigación parte de un conjunto de exposiciones significativas que indagan en las relaciones de la comida y el arte a lo largo de su historia. El estudio ha permitido elaborar el objeto de esta tesis, que no es otro que el análisis y recopilación de las acciones artísticas más relevantes centradas en el acto de comer. La ingesta de alimentos constituye un elemento esencial en aquellas propuestas donde la integración del público con la obra, dentro de la experiencia sensorial de la estética de la participación, es prioritaria. En este sentido, ha sido necesario un primer estudio del sentido del gusto, donde se analiza su importancia desde diferentes disciplinas, filosófica, científica, sociológica, antropológica y cultural, para pasar posteriormente al acto de comer en el arte de finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI. El ámbito geográfico y cronológico de la investigación queda delimitado en el marco occidental, con la aparición en 1970 del movimiento del arte comestible, el llamado eat art, hasta la participación del chef Ferran Adrià en la Documenta 12 (Kassel). En la revisión e interpretación de las acciones seleccionadas, se ha establecido una clasificación acorde al campo de investigación, distinguiendo: aquellas que buscan una experiencia artística o un juego con los criterios de la percepción del gusto; las acciones que indagan en la trasgresión de los tabúes culturales mas elementales, como lo es el canibalismo; aquellas que plantean cuestiones de género a través del acto alimenticio, donde la interacción con el público es irrelevante; y finalmente, la acción o experiencia gastronómica de Adriá, planteada en la Documenta 12, donde la participación del comensal conlleva una nueva recepción y actitud hacia la comida, y que ha sido objeto de polémica y debate dentro del mundo artístico.
The thesis departs from a set of significant exhibitions that they investigate in the relations of art and food along his history. The study has allowed to elaborate the object of this thesis, which is not other one that the analysis and summary of the most relevant artistic expression focused on the act of eating. The analysis discuss the sensory experience within the aesthetic of participation, where food intake is an essential element of a context that promotes the interaction of the audience with the work. In this respect, it has been necessary a first study of the sense of the taste and discuss his importance in different disciplines; philosophy, science, sociology, anthropology and culture, in order to analyze later the act of eating in late twentieth century and early twenty-first century art. The chronological and geographical limitation of the thesis confines research to the period between Eat Art and 2007, when Adrià participated in Documenta 12, within the borders of Europe. In the review and interpretation of the selected actions, four focus points centred around food have been determined: the first includes actions aiming at an artistic experience or that play with the criteria of taste perception, which implicitly include the social function of the act; the second focus point have been made up of actions that delve into the violation of basic cultural taboos, including cannibalism; while the third section comprise the actions of female artists who use the act of eating to raise discussion about gender issues, outside the scope of interaction with the audience. And finally, within the ambit of the act of eating, the fourth group address the gastronomic experience and actions of Adrià, where the participation of the diner has ushered in a new attitude towards food, and following the controversy surrounding his participation in Documenta 12, has opened a new chapter of exploration and debate within art.
The thesis departs from a set of significant exhibitions that they investigate in the relations of art and food along his history. The study has allowed to elaborate the object of this thesis, which is not other one that the analysis and summary of the most relevant artistic expression focused on the act of eating. The analysis discuss the sensory experience within the aesthetic of participation, where food intake is an essential element of a context that promotes the interaction of the audience with the work. In this respect, it has been necessary a first study of the sense of the taste and discuss his importance in different disciplines; philosophy, science, sociology, anthropology and culture, in order to analyze later the act of eating in late twentieth century and early twenty-first century art. The chronological and geographical limitation of the thesis confines research to the period between Eat Art and 2007, when Adrià participated in Documenta 12, within the borders of Europe. In the review and interpretation of the selected actions, four focus points centred around food have been determined: the first includes actions aiming at an artistic experience or that play with the criteria of taste perception, which implicitly include the social function of the act; the second focus point have been made up of actions that delve into the violation of basic cultural taboos, including cannibalism; while the third section comprise the actions of female artists who use the act of eating to raise discussion about gender issues, outside the scope of interaction with the audience. And finally, within the ambit of the act of eating, the fourth group address the gastronomic experience and actions of Adrià, where the participation of the diner has ushered in a new attitude towards food, and following the controversy surrounding his participation in Documenta 12, has opened a new chapter of exploration and debate within art.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Bellas Artes, Departamento de Dibujo I (Dibujo y Grabado); leída el día 24 de junio de 2013