Evidences for a Noachian–Hesperian orogeny in Mars

Abstract

A number of tectonic structures have been located at the Thaumasia Plateau, Daedalia Planum and Aonia Terra, Mars. They include isolated
folds with axial traces up to 200 km long, trains of tightly folded structures tens of km long, and thrusts. Their size and geometry are similar to
those on Earth, and the direction of compression seems to have varied amply with time, suggesting a complex tectonic evolution. Crater counts
on the deformed terrain point to Noachian to Early Hesperian ages. On the basis of the geometry and geological relations of these structures, we
propose that they form part of an old martian orogen, the Thaumasia–Aonia Orogen, which embraced not only the Thaumasia Plateau, but areas
of Daedalia Planum, Aonia Terra and Nereidum Montes as well. A regional coherent layering is previous to the deformation and could represent
the trace of even older stresses on the martian lithosphere.