Publication: Effect of surface modifying macromolecules stoichiometric ratio on composite hydrophobic/hydrophilic membranes characteristics and performance in direct contact membrane distillation
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2009-12
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John Wiley & Sons INC
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Abstract
The stoichiometric ratio for the synthesis components of hydrophobic new surface modifying macromolecules (nSMM) was altered systematically to produce three different types of nSMMs, which are called hereafter nSMM1, nSMM2, and nSMM3. The newly synthesized SMMs were characterized for fluorine content, average molecular weight, and glass transition temperature. The results showed that fluorine content decreased with increasing the ratio of alpha,omega-aminopropyl poly(dimethyl siloxane) to 4,4'-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate). The synthesized nSMMs were blended into hydrophilic polyetherimide (PEI) host polymer to form porous hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite membranes by the phase inversion method. The prepared membranes were characterized by the contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas permeation test, measurement of liquid entry pressure of water, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, these membranes were tested for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation and the results were compared with those of commercial polytetraflouroethylene membrane. The effects of the nSMM type on the membrane morphology were identified, which enabled us to link the membrane morphology to the membrane performance. It was found that the nSMM2/PEI membrane yielded the best performance among the tested membranes. In particular, it should be emphasized that the above membrane was superior to the commercial one.
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© 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The authors of this work wish to gratefully acknowledge the Middle East Desalination Research Center (MEDRC) for a grant that partially supported this study. The authors also sincerely acknowledge the generous financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Ministry of the Environment, ON, Canada, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (Project FIS2006-05323) which in part helped to conduct this research work.
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