Publication: Repercusiones del reconocimiento mutuo de las resoluciones judiciales en los sistemas autónomos: excesos y carencias
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2007
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Abstract
El Tratado de Ámsterdam ha sentado las bases para la conformación de un auténtico DIPr institucional al establecer como política comunitaria la creación de un Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia, declarar como instrumento fundamental el principio de reconocimiento mutuo de resoluciones entre EEMM, y dotar a la Comunidad de competencias para la adopción de actos normativos dirigidos a consecución de tal principio. En efecto, resultará imprescindible elaborar actos tanto en la materia directamente concernida, esto es, el reconocimiento de resoluciones, como en el resto de los sectores del DIPr (y, en menor medida, en Derecho procesal y sustantivo), si se persigue un “no reconocimiento”, esto es, que los efectos que tenga atribuida una resolución en el EM de origen se extiendan a cualquier otro EM sin pasar por ningún tipo de procedimiento y sin poder oponer motivos de denegación. De esta manera, se habría fijado un objetivo (quizás excesivamente) ambicioso, sin que la Comunidad cuente con una competencia cierta. De hecho, los instrumentos existentes muestran importantes carencias, en parte derivadas de una incorrecta interpretación del alcance competencial y relacionadas con el ámbito de actuación que ha de dejarse a los ordenamientos estatales.
The bases for the creation of an institutional Private International Law (PIL) have been settled by the Treaty of Amsterdam, by the means of three related elements: the declaration of the setting up of an area of freedom, security and justice as a new policy, the consideration of the principle of mutual recognition of judgments as its cornerstone, and the introduction of new Community competences for the enactment of rules aimed at enforcing that principle. Indeed, to achieve a true “free movement of judgments” it is essential to enact regulations in the subject directly concerned (i.e., recognition of judgments), but also to jurisdiction, applicable law and judicial cooperation. The final objective of this principle is the establishment of a system of “non- recognition”, i.e., the achievement of the extension of the effects of judgments handed down in another Member State without any intermediate proceedings or grounds for refusal of enforcement, in nearly every subject. Such a (perhaps too ambitious) objective has, nevertheless, not been accompanied by a clear legal basis. In fact, the existing acts reveal some inconveniences which are related to the scope left to state PIL and may be caused by a misleading interpretation of the Community competences.
The bases for the creation of an institutional Private International Law (PIL) have been settled by the Treaty of Amsterdam, by the means of three related elements: the declaration of the setting up of an area of freedom, security and justice as a new policy, the consideration of the principle of mutual recognition of judgments as its cornerstone, and the introduction of new Community competences for the enactment of rules aimed at enforcing that principle. Indeed, to achieve a true “free movement of judgments” it is essential to enact regulations in the subject directly concerned (i.e., recognition of judgments), but also to jurisdiction, applicable law and judicial cooperation. The final objective of this principle is the establishment of a system of “non- recognition”, i.e., the achievement of the extension of the effects of judgments handed down in another Member State without any intermediate proceedings or grounds for refusal of enforcement, in nearly every subject. Such a (perhaps too ambitious) objective has, nevertheless, not been accompanied by a clear legal basis. In fact, the existing acts reveal some inconveniences which are related to the scope left to state PIL and may be caused by a misleading interpretation of the Community competences.